Comparative analysis of spectro‐temporal receptive fields, reverse correlation functions, and frequency tuning curves of auditory‐nerve fibers

1994 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 410-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Kim ◽  
Eric D. Young
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Correlation Functions ◽  
Auditory Nerve ◽  
Frequency Tuning ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Reverse Correlation ◽  
Tuning Curves ◽  
Auditory Nerve Fibers

scholarly journals Threshold Tuning Curves of Chinchilla Auditory-Nerve Fibers. I. Dependence on Characteristic Frequency and Relation to the Magnitudes of Cochlear Vibrations

2008 ◽  
Vol 100 (5) ◽  
pp. 2889-2898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrei N. Temchin ◽  
Nola C. Rich ◽  
Mario A. Ruggero
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Nerve ◽  
Basilar Membrane ◽  
Frequency Tuning ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Gradual Transition ◽  
Characteristic Frequencies ◽  
Tuning Curves ◽  
Auditory Nerve Fibers ◽  
Threshold Tuning

Frequency-threshold tuning curves were recorded in thousands of auditory-nerve fibers (ANFs) in chinchilla. Synthetic tuning curves with 21 characteristic frequencies (187 Hz to 19.04 kHz, spaced every 1/3 octave) were constructed by averaging individual tuning curves within 2/3-octave frequency bands. Tuning curves undergo a gradual transition in symmetry at characteristic frequencies (CFs) of 1 kHz and an abrupt change in shape at CFs of 3–4 kHz. For CFs ≤3 kHz, the lower limbs of tuning curves have similar slopes, about −18 dB/octave, but the upper limbs have slopes that become increasingly steep with increasing frequency and CF. For CFs >4 kHz, tuning curves normalized to the CF are nearly identical and consist of three segments. A tip segment, within 30–40 dB of CF threshold, has lower- and upper-limb slopes of −60 and +120 dB/octave, respectively, and is flanked by a low-frequency (“tail”) segment, with shallow slope, and a terminal high-frequency segment with very steep slope (several hundreds of dB/octave). The tuning curves of fibers innervating basal cochlear sites closely resemble basilar-membrane tuning curves computed with low isovelocity criteria. At the apex of the chinchilla cochlea, frequency tuning is substantially sharper for ANFs than for available recordings of organ of Corti vibrations.

scholarly journals Threshold Tuning Curves of Chinchilla Auditory Nerve Fibers. II. Dependence on Spontaneous Activity and Relation to Cochlear Nonlinearity

2008 ◽  
Vol 100 (5) ◽  
pp. 2899-2906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrei N. Temchin ◽  
Nola C. Rich ◽  
Mario A. Ruggero
Keyword(s):  
Spontaneous Activity ◽  
Auditory Nerve ◽  
Characteristic Frequency ◽  
Basilar Membrane ◽  
Frequency Tuning ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Nonmonotonic Dependence ◽  
Tuning Curves ◽  
Auditory Nerve Fibers ◽  
Threshold Tuning

Spontaneous activity and frequency threshold tuning curves were studied in thousands of auditory nerve fibers in chinchilla. The frequency distribution of spontaneous activity rates is strongly bimodal for auditory nerve fibers with characteristic frequency <3 kHz but only mildly bimodal for the entire sample. Spontaneous activity rates and thresholds at the characteristic frequency are inversely related. Auditory-nerve fibers with low spontaneous rate have tuning curves with lower tip-to-tail ratios and more sharply tuned tips than the tuning curves of fibers with high spontaneous rates. It is shown here that this dependence of tuning on spontaneous rates is consistent with a previously unnoticed nonmonotonic dependence on iso-velocity criterion of the frequency tuning of basilar membrane vibrations.

Frequency Tuning and Spontaneous Activity in the Auditory Nerve and Cochlear Nucleus Magnocellularis of the Barn Owl Tyto alba

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 364-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Köppl
Keyword(s):  
Response Latency ◽  
Cochlear Nucleus ◽  
Auditory Nerve ◽  
Frequency Tuning ◽  
Barn Owl ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Spontaneous Discharge ◽  
Tyto Alba ◽  
Nucleus Magnocellularis ◽  
Auditory Nerve Fibers

Köppl, Christine. Frequency tuning and spontaneous activity in the auditory nerve and cochlear nucleus magnocellularis of the barn owl Tyto alba. J. Neurophysiol. 77: 364–377, 1997. Single-unit recordings were obtained from the brain stem of the barn owl at the level of entrance of the auditory nerve. Auditory nerve and nucleus magnocellularis units were distinguished by physiological criteria, with the use of the response latency to clicks, the spontaneous discharge rate, and the pattern of characteristic frequencies encountered along an electrode track. The response latency to click stimulation decreased in a logarithmic fashion with increasing characteristic frequency for both auditory nerve and nucleus magnocellularis units. The average difference between these populations was 0.4–0.55 ms. The most sensitive thresholds were ∼0 dB SPL and varied little between 0.5 and 9 kHz. Frequency-threshold curves showed the simple V shape that is typical for birds, with no indication of a low-frequency tail. Frequency selectivity increased in a gradual, power-law fashion with increasing characteristic frequency. There was no reflection of the unusual and greatly expanded mapping of higher frequencies on the basilar papilla of the owl. This observation is contrary to the equal-distance hypothesis that relates frequency selectivity to the spatial respresentation in the cochlea. On the basis of spontaneous rates and/or sensitivity there was no evidence for distinct subpopulations of auditory nerve fibers, such as the well-known type I afferent response classes in mammals. On the whole, barn owl auditory nerve physiology conformed entirely to the typical patterns seen in other bird species. The only exception was a remarkably small spread of thresholds at any one frequency, this being only 10–15 dB in individual owls. Average spontaneous rate was 72.2 spikes/s in the auditory nerve and 219.4 spikes/s for nucleus magnocellularis. This large difference, together with the known properties of endbulb-of-Held synapses, suggests a convergence of ∼2–4 auditory nerve fibers onto one nucleus magnocellularis neuron. Some auditory nerve fibers as well as nucleus magnocellularis units showed a quasiperiodic spontaneous discharge with preferred intervals in the time-interval histogram. This phenomenon was observed at frequencies as high as 4.7 kHz.

Shapes of Tuning Curves for Single Auditory‐Nerve Fibers

1967 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 1341-1342 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Y. S. Kiang ◽  
M. B. Sachs ◽  
W. T. Peake
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Nerve ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Tuning Curves ◽  
Auditory Nerve Fibers

scholarly journals Noise-induced cochlear neuropathy is selective for fibers with low spontaneous rates

2013 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 577-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam C. Furman ◽  
Sharon G. Kujawa ◽  
M. Charles Liberman
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Nerve ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Frequency Tuning ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Sensory Cells ◽  
High Threshold ◽  
Distortion Product ◽  
Selective Loss ◽  
Brainstem Response ◽  
Auditory Nerve Fibers

Acoustic overexposure can cause a permanent loss of auditory nerve fibers without destroying cochlear sensory cells, despite complete recovery of cochlear thresholds ( Kujawa and Liberman 2009 ), as measured by gross neural potentials such as the auditory brainstem response (ABR). To address this nominal paradox, we recorded responses from single auditory nerve fibers in guinea pigs exposed to this type of neuropathic noise (4- to 8-kHz octave band at 106 dB SPL for 2 h). Two weeks postexposure, ABR thresholds had recovered to normal, while suprathreshold ABR amplitudes were reduced. Both thresholds and amplitudes of distortion-product otoacoustic emissions fully recovered, suggesting recovery of hair cell function. Loss of up to 30% of auditory-nerve synapses on inner hair cells was confirmed by confocal analysis of the cochlear sensory epithelium immunostained for pre- and postsynaptic markers. In single fiber recordings, at 2 wk postexposure, frequency tuning, dynamic range, postonset adaptation, first-spike latency and its variance, and other basic properties of auditory nerve response were all completely normal in the remaining fibers. The only physiological abnormality was a change in population statistics suggesting a selective loss of fibers with low- and medium-spontaneous rates. Selective loss of these high-threshold fibers would explain how ABR thresholds can recover despite such significant noise-induced neuropathy. A selective loss of high-threshold fibers may contribute to the problems of hearing in noisy environments that characterize the aging auditory system.

Acoustic reflex frequency selectivity in single stapedius motoneurons of the cat

1992 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 807-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Kobler ◽  
J. J. Guinan ◽  
S. R. Vacher ◽  
B. E. Norris
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Nerve ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Acoustic Reflex ◽  
Tuning Curves ◽  
Acoustic Reflexes ◽  
Auditory Nerve Fibers ◽  
Decerebrate Cats

1. The sound frequency selectivities of single stapedius motoneurons were investigated in ketamine anesthetized and in decerebrate cats by recording from axons in the small nerve fascicles entering the stapedius muscle. 2. Stapedius motoneuron tuning curves (TCs) were very broad, similar to the tuning of the overall acoustic reflexes as determined by electromyographic recordings. The lowest thresholds were usually for sound frequencies between 1 and 2 kHz, although many TCs also had a second sensitive region in the 6- to 12-kHz range. The broad tuning of stapedius motoneurons implies that inputs derived from different cochlear frequency regions (which are narrowly tuned) must converge at a point central to the stapedius motoneuron outputs, possibly at the motoneuron somata. 3. There were only small differences in tuning among the four previously described groups of stapedius motoneurons categorized by sensitivity to ipsilateral and contralateral sound. The gradation in high-frequency versus low-frequency sensitivity across motoneurons suggests there are not distinct subgroups of stapedius motoneurons, based on their TCs. 4. The thresholds and shapes of stapedius motoneuron TCs support the hypothesis that the stapedius acoustic reflex is triggered by summed activity of low-spontaneous-rate auditory nerve fibers with both low and high characteristic frequencies (CFs). Excitation of high-CF auditory nerve fibers by sound in their TC “tails” is probably an important factor in eliciting the reflex. 5. In general, the most sensitive frequency for stapedius motoneurons is higher than the frequency at which stapedius contractions produce the greatest attenuation of middle ear transmission. We argue that this is true because the main function of the stapedius acoustic reflex is to reduce the masking of responses to high-frequency sounds produced by low-frequency sounds.

Tuning curves of auditory nerve fibers in the alligator lizard

1974 ◽  
Vol 55 (S1) ◽  
pp. S84-S85 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. F. Weiss ◽  
M. J. Mulroy ◽  
R. G. Turner ◽  
C. L. Pike
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Nerve ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Tuning Curves ◽  
Auditory Nerve Fibers ◽  
Alligator Lizard

Tails of tuning curves of auditory‐nerve fibers

1974 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 620-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Y. S. Kiang ◽  
E. C. Moxon
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Nerve ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Tuning Curves ◽  
Auditory Nerve Fibers

scholarly journals Tuning curves of auditory‐nerve fibers

1977 ◽  
Vol 61 (S1) ◽  
pp. S27-S27 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Y. S. Kiang ◽  
M. C. Liberman ◽  
T. Baer
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Nerve ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Tuning Curves ◽  
Auditory Nerve Fibers
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