scholarly journals Effects of No. 2 Fuel Oil, Nigerian Crude Oil, and Used Crankcase Oil on Attached Algal Communities: Acute and Chronic Toxicity of Water-Soluble Constituents

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 673-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas L. Bott ◽  
Kurt Rogenmuser
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Chronic Toxicity ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Algal Communities ◽  
Acute And Chronic Toxicity ◽  
Crankcase Oil

Chronic toxicity of the ‘water-soluble fraction’ of Norman Wells crude oil to juvenile fish

1996 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 259-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.L. Lockhart ◽  
D.A. Duncan ◽  
B.N. Billeck ◽  
R.A. Danell ◽  
M.J. Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Chronic Toxicity ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
Juvenile Fish ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Water Soluble Fraction

SENSITIVITY OF 39 ALASKAN MARINE SPECIES TO COOK INLET CRUDE OIL AND NO. 2 FUEL OIL

1979 ◽  
Vol 1979 (1) ◽  
pp. 549-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley D. Rice ◽  
Adam Moles ◽  
Tamara L. Taylor ◽  
John F. Karinen
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Cook Inlet ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
Intertidal Environments

ABSTRACT The sensitivities of 39 subarctic Alaskan species of marine fish and invertebrates to water-soluble fractions of Cook Inlet crude oil and No. 2 fuel oil were determined. This is the largest group of animals ever tested under similar test conditions with the same petroleum oils and analytical methods. Organisms bioassayed represent several habitats, six phyla, and 39 species including fish (9), arthropods (9), molluscs (13), echinoderms (4), annelids (2), and nemer-teans (2). Sensitivities were determined by 96-hour static bioassays. Concentrations of selected aromatic hydrocarbons were determined by gas chromatography; concentrations of paraffins were determined by infrared spectrophotometry. Although sensitivity generally increased from lower invertebrates to higher invertebrates, and from higher invertebrates to fish, sensitivity was better correlated to habitat. Pelagic fish and shrimp were the most sensitive animals to Cook Inlet crude oil with 96-h median tolerance limits (TLm's) from 1–3 mg/l total aromatic hydrocarbons. Benthic animals, including fish, crabs, and scallops were moderately tolerant (TLm's to Cook Inlet crude oil of 3–8 mg/l total aromatic hydrocarbons). Intertidal animals, including fish, crabs, and starfish, and many molluscs, were the most tolerant forms to water-soluble fraction of petroleum (TLm's greater than 8–12 mg/l of total aromatic hydrocarbons). Most of the intertidal animals were not killed by static oil exposures. No. 2 fuel oil was more toxic to most species than Cook Inlet crude oil. Sensitive pelagic animals are not necessarily more vulnerable to oil spills than tolerant intertidal forms — oil may damage intertidal environments more easily and adverse effects may persist longer than in damaged pelagic environments.

scholarly journals Assessment of acute and chronic toxicity of water-soluble polyguanidines towards hydrobionts

2019 ◽  
Vol 320 ◽  
pp. 012047
Author(s):  
S A Stelmakh ◽  
M N Grigor’eva ◽  
D V Tikhonenkov ◽  
O S Ochirov ◽  
D M Mognonov
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Toxicity ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Acute And Chronic Toxicity

Acute and chronic toxicity studies on Polygonum glabrum in experimental animals

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-10
Author(s):  
Saravanakumar A ◽  
Gandhimathi R
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Toxicity ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Plant Roots ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Toxicity Studies ◽  
Acute And Chronic Toxicity ◽  
Diuretic Agents

Polygonum glabrum is being used in traditional and folklore medicine to treat pneumonia and jaundice. Plant roots are used in ayurvedic preparations to treat fever and colic. The leaves are used as diuretic agents and process vermifuge action. Plant decoction is also used in the treatment of Rheumatism. Besides having many uses and folklore claims, herbal medicines are to be thoroughly investigated for their toxicity also. Therefore this work is being carried out to examine the toxicity of the drug and established dose is safe to use in the clinical stage. The current research studied the acute and chronic toxicity of Polygonum glabrum root extract in rats. It is proved that there was no change in any parameter tested both in acute and chronic toxicity, which means the extract is safe and non-toxic at the dose of 2g/kg also.

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