Work related injuries sustained by emergency medical technicians and paramedics in Saudi Arabia

Emergency medical technicians (EMTs) and paramedics take immediate care of patients who are injured or unhealthy and ensure their transportation to or from the hospital. Almost 10% of all European Union employees work in health and social care systems, and a considerable number of them work in hospitals. The same is the case in Saudi Arabia, where the health care system is well developed and vibrant. With such a large workforce working in an environment where they can face accidents and injuries, accidents do happen. According to the International Labor Organization, there are 270 million occupational accidents causing 2 million deaths annually. The study was conducted at King Fahd Military Complex, Dhahran and Red Crescent. The study was aimed to identify the nature, frequency and causes of work-related injuries among paramedical staff. The present is among the largest studies of WRIs in EMTs in Saudi Arabia. In this study, we found a very high rate of verbal and physical violence against healthcare personnel. Physical violence negatively affects levels of satisfaction in workers. Studies indicate that exposure to both chronic and critical incident stressors increases the risk of EMS personnel developing post-traumatic stress reactions. The risk of WRIs to paramedics and EMTs is obviously high. The most common injuries were verbal/ physical violence, needle stick injuries and motor vehicle accidents. The most common cause for these WRIs was carelessness on part of EMTs.

Comparison of anti-inflammatory activity of various species of lamiaceae

The process of inflammation is often triggered by the stimulus from outside sources that usally cause harm to human skin and tissues. It is a response of the body that protects itself from external agents but when it is excess and built up in the body it causes some worsening symptoms. Synthetic drugs usually cause side effects and adverse effects. Herbs are normally known to combat inflammations and fight free radicals. The antioxidants present in the herbs causes the preventive action of the oxidation and causes lowering of the inflammation. There were also investigations performed on the plant to prove the above activities. Among all the plants that are available in nature lamiaceae members, plants like Molucella laevis, Nepeta cataria, Vitex agnus, Origanum dictamnus and Mentha piperata were considered as major medicinal plants with a lot of medical applications. 5 members of lamiaceae were selected to study and compare the anti-inflammatory activity and the data suggests all the plants have better activity and out of all the Mentha extract showed a significantly better activity compared to the standard drug.

Investigation on the removal of bivalent cadmium ions from aqueous solution and treatment of industrial wastewater using new alumina interfaced biocarbon

The presence of heavy metals in water and wastewater is becoming a severe environmental and public health concern. It may contribute variety of adverse environmental and human health effects due to their acute and chronic exposure through air, water and food chain. They are released into the aquatic environment from many industrial activities. The present research paper deals with the adsorption capacity of the biocarbon material produced from the leaves of Lawsonia inermis plant. The biocarbon was prepared by the H2SO4 activation process. The adsorption capacity of the biocarbon was evaluated by considering the effect of various parameters such as pH of the solution, biocarbon dose, contact time, and initial metal ions concentration and to optimize the conditions for maximum adsorption. The metal ion uptake capacity of the biocarbon was tested in the stimulated wastewater containing bivalent cadmium ions. The maximum uptake of 97.85% of the Cd (II) metal ions was observed at the equilibrium time of 3.0 hours at a dose of 3.0 g and at the pH of 4.5 in the stimulated wastewater. In the real sample analysis, electroplating industry wastewater is used for the removal of cadmium (II) ions. The results indicate that 95.16% of ions were effectively removed at the same experimental conditions. It is also further noted that the metal sorption capability of the adsorbent is higher with rising concentration of metal ions in the solution. The percentage of adsorption of the metal ions was also significantly increased with rise of temperature of the wastewater.

Analysis of papaya plant sample for antispermatogenic properties

To advance new proof about the counter ripeness action of seeds concentrate of papaya (Carica papaya L.) in test creatures, particularly mice. Male mice (n=20) were assembled into four. The principal bunch got just purified water containing 1% CMC as the controller. Gathering 2, 3 and 4 sequentially got papaya seed concentrate of 2, 4 and 8mg/40 g body weight. All conduct regulated verbally utilizing abdominal sonde once every day for 35 days. Revision boundaries surveyed cell checks, the distance across and epithelial chunkiness of seminiferous tubules of the testis. Even though the aftereffects of exploration on the antifertility action of papaya seed separate demonstrated an optimistic pattern, yet in-depth confirmation impacts plant arrangements on investigation animals is obligatory suggested World Health Organization. This examination is proposed to advance novel proof counter fruitfulness movement of papaya seed removes in guinea pigs, particularly mice. There is no substantial diverse in the number of spermatogonia among treatment gatherings: spermatocyte and spermatid cells fundamentally diminished by the excerpt, particularly at the most elevated portion. Moreover, the breadth and epithelial thickness of seminiferous tubules of testis are significantly decreased by the concentrate at the portion of 8 mg/40g body weight. Papaya seeds separate as possible to be utilized as against ripeness operator.

Insilico analysis of nucleotides compound associated with obesity- using bioinformatics tool bioperl

Stoutness is a constant complaint categorized by an overabundance sum muscle versus fat. A precise measure of muscle versus fat is significant for placing gone vitality, heat protection, stun retention, and different capacities. The standard measure of muscle versus fat (communicated as the level of muscle to fat ratio) is between 25%-30% in ladies and 18%-23% in men. Ladies with over 30% muscle to fat ratio and men with over 25% muscle versus fat are watched as fat. About ten qualities which are mostly dependable in causing the sickness are taken from Gene Cards information base. From the computational investigations like various grouping arrangement utilizing clustalW device, the nucleotide succession of LEP quality family is identified with one another. These qualities are then concentrated independently. Further, the preserved space investigation was completed from which the common areas in the family were chosen for the examinations. The preserved area designs present in this quality family were gotten from clustal W apparatus. This moderated designs demonstrated changes, interpretation and length at specific spots which were predominantly associated with causing the disorder. For the quicker investigation for the information of preserved spaces were taken in Bioperl programming.

A cross sectional study on assessment of risk of diabetes mellitus using Indian diabetic risk score in a medical college teaching hospital

The objective of the study was to evaluate the risk of diabetes mellitus in elderlywith age above 20 years in a hospital setting using Indian Diabetes risk score and to provide patient counselling regarding their life style modifications and health related quality of life among participants with high risk of developing diabetes.A total of 125 non diabetic patients were interviewed with a pre designed selfstructured questionnaire (IDRS). Participants were chosen voluntarily and a written consent was obtained before the administration of the questionnaire from individual patients. In our study we observed that out of 125 patients,males 26[59%]and 18[41%] females were at high risk, males 39[58.2%] and 28[41.8%] females were at moderate risk, males 5[35.7%] and 9[64.3%] females were at low risk of developing diabetes mellitus.

Correlation of FEV1/FEV6 with BODE Index, CAT Score and DLCO in COPD Patients

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease is associated with progressive airflow limitation. Spirometry is one of the most important non-invasive tests that help in diagnosing airway obstruction. A Post bronchodilator FEV1/FVC ratio < 0.7 according to GOLD guidelines is considered to be diagnostic of COPD, wherein FEV1 is the forced expiratory volume in the first second, and FVC is the forced vital capacity which requires complete emptying of lungs that may require longer expiratory time and a more significant expiratory effort. The value of FEV1/FEV6 ratio is similar to the FEV1/FVC rate in diagnosing obstruction. FEV1/FEV6 is one such spirometric measurement which reduces the effort of expiration and helps in detecting the airway obstruction at the end of the sixth second during forceful exhalation thus serving as a natural, cost-effective bedside investigation that can be used in every health care facility for prompt diagnosis and management of the disease. FEV1/FEV6 can also be used to assess the prognosis of patients with COPD. It can even independently predict the reduction of lung function, rate of death and risk of carcinoma. The vitalograph is a smooth handheld device which helps in early detection of COPD in a quick, simple and reproducible manner. It not only displays the FEV1, FEV6 ratio and FEV1 per cent predicted but also provided information regarding the severity of COPD classification and lung age estimation. It can be used as a tool to avoid over diagnosis of COPD, especially in elderly patients. It has the advantage of requiring minimal instruction for use by non-respiratory specialists as well. This work concludes that FEV1/FEV6 can be used as a simple, cost-effective bedside investigation to diagnose COPD as an alternative to the conventional spirometry to detect undiagnosed airway obstruction in individuals with a low expiratory effort, especially in poor resource settings.

In vivo antidiabetic evaluation of nanoparticles encompass dual bioflavonoid

Out of all the illness, Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is that the leading cause for morbidity and mortality worldwide. The overall international incidence of Diabetes mellitus is a rise from 171 million in 2000 to 366 million in 2030 as a result of various genetic level, fashionable life vogue factors like fatness, nutrition physical inactivity, ageing & stress. Hence hyperglycemic circumstance of diabetes patient is untreatable; however, the blood sugar level is controlled by daily administration of a dose of medicinal drug and medicine. At this juncture the isolates of the plant are used, within the gift study to use and make sure the possible medicinal drug and inhibitor activity mistreatment numerous in vivo models. Throughout this study, the associate initiative has been taken to check the activity of novelized preparation in addition to a pure drug to determine the efficiency of preparation. The work additionally designed to comprise a comparative illustration of activity of pure bioflavonoid, single loaded isolate nanoparticles and dual loaded nanoparticles. Therefore the primary aim of the analysis is to arrange Apigenin (Ap NP), Hesperidin (Hs NP) associated Apigenin -Hesperidin (Ap-Hs NP) twin loaded flavonol compound nanoparticles to beat the restrictions of Apigenin and Hesperidin synergistically augment of the therapeutic worth. Efficacy antidiabetic study was observed slightly decrease blood glucose level in diabetic rats treated with pure compound and with Ap and Hs loaded polymeric nanoparticles as compared to diabetic control rats.

An Evaluation for Diabetic patient by measuring FDCs

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an enlightened diseases with multifactorial etiology. The first-line therapy includes monotherapy, which often fails to achieve effective glycemic control, necessitating the addition of add-on therapy. In this regard, multiple single-dose combinations called fixed-dose combinations (FDCs) have been evaluated for their safety, efficacy, and tolerability. To analyze the rationality of diverse FDCs used in the remedy Diabetes Mellitus and to find out the irrational FDCs existing in Indian market. A overall of 18 mixtures had been analyzed, amongst the ones 11 combinations had been irrational. Predominantly irrational FDCs are being circulated within the Indian market as a result thru analyses by way of prescribers is wanted earlier than prescribing to patients a good way to keep away from ADR. This requires a near scrutiny of advertised FDCs and educating prescribers to apply them with first rate care and caution also suggests an extreme evaluation of regulatory framework for drug production and marketing. An assessment of the pharmacology and scientific consequences from current hearings of the metformin-sitagliptin mixture and the way the mixture could in shape into the sort 2 diabetes remedy algorithms is obtainable on the evaluation.

Acute and chronic toxicity studies on Polygonum glabrum in experimental animals

Polygonum glabrum is being used in traditional and folklore medicine to treat pneumonia and jaundice. Plant roots are used in ayurvedic preparations to treat fever and colic. The leaves are used as diuretic agents and process vermifuge action. Plant decoction is also used in the treatment of Rheumatism. Besides having many uses and folklore claims, herbal medicines are to be thoroughly investigated for their toxicity also. Therefore this work is being carried out to examine the toxicity of the drug and established dose is safe to use in the clinical stage. The current research studied the acute and chronic toxicity of Polygonum glabrum root extract in rats. It is proved that there was no change in any parameter tested both in acute and chronic toxicity, which means the extract is safe and non-toxic at the dose of 2g/kg also.