scholarly journals Mucin-Related Epitopes Distinguish M Cells and Enterocytes in Rabbit Appendix and Peyer’s Patches

1999 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 357-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugues Lelouard ◽  
Hubert Reggio ◽  
Paul Mangeat ◽  
Marian Neutra ◽  
Philippe Montcourrier
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Peyer's Patches ◽  
Lymphoid Tissues ◽  
Peyer’S Patches ◽  
M Cells ◽  
Apical Membranes ◽  
Rabbit Appendix

ABSTRACT The biochemical composition of the apical membranes of epithelial M cells overlying the gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT) is still largely unknown. We have prepared monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) directed against carbonate-washed plasma membranes from epithelial cells detached with EDTA from rabbit appendix, a tissue particularly rich in GALT. As determined by immunofluorescence microscopy, several MAbs specifically recognized either M cells or enterocyte-like cells of the domes from rabbit appendix, sacculus rotundus, and Peyer’s patches. M cells were identified by their large ventral pocket containing lymphoid cells and by specific labeling with antivimentin. Among various characterized MAbs, MAb 104 recognized rabbit immunoglobulins and was used as an apical marker for M cells in the rabbit appendix, MAb 58 selectively stained an integral membrane glycoprotein of greater than 205 kDa located at the apex of M cells, and MAb 214 stained a smaller soluble glycoprotein associated with the apical surfaces from neighboring enterocytes. In addition, both MAbs 58 and 214 also labeled luminal mucus and secretory granules in goblet cells. The selective association of mucin-related molecules at the surfaces of either M cells or enterocyte-like cells of the follicle-associated epithelium suggests that specific carbohydrate antigens are differentially expressed by epithelial cells and could account for the differential binding properties of pathogens.

scholarly journals M-cells in the rabbit tonsil exhibit distinctive glycoconjugates in their apical membranes.

1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (9) ◽  
pp. 1033-1042 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Gebert
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Lectin Histochemistry ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
M Cells ◽  
M Cell ◽  
Double Labeling ◽  
Specific Composition ◽  
Apical Membranes

The tonsil crypt epithelium contains membranous (M)-cells that transport antigens from the lumen to underlying lymphoid cells, thereby initiating specific immune responses. Mechanisms mediating the adhesion of antigens to the M-cell surface are important for effective and selective uptake of potential pathogens but are still poorly understood. Therefore, the carbohydrates present on crypt epithelial cells of the rabbit palatine tonsil were studied by lectin histochemistry. Ultrathin LR White sections were incubated with a panel of eight lectins conjugated to colloidal gold or biotin. The glycocalyx of the apical membrane of M-cells was selectively labeled by UEA-I, LTA, HPA, and VVA, whereas that of the remaining squamous epithelial cells preferentially bound RCA-I and PNA. WGA and ConA showed only little binding, with no discernible preference for any of the cell types. Double labeling of UEA-1 together with anti-vimentin antibodies revealed that UEA-I-positive epithelial cells also contained the rabbit M-cell marker vimentin, and vice versa. The results show that a specific composition of glycoconjugates, which differs from that on squamous epithelial cells, is found on M-cells of the rabbit tonsil. The M-cell-specific glycoproteins and glycolipids could be selectively targeted by microorganisms that adhere to M-cells and enter the host along this pathway.

scholarly journals Oral Norovirus Infection Is Blocked in Mice Lacking Peyer's Patches and Mature M Cells

2015 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 1499-1506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abimbola O. Kolawole ◽  
Mariam B. Gonzalez-Hernandez ◽  
Holly Turula ◽  
Chenchen Yu ◽  
Michael D. Elftman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Peyer's Patches ◽  
Epithelial Barrier ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Lymphoid Tissues ◽  
Peyer’S Patches ◽  
M Cells ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial Barrier

ABSTRACTA critical early step in murine norovirus (MNV) pathogenesis is crossing the intestinal epithelial barrier to reach the target cells for replication, i.e., macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells. Our previous work showed that MNV replication decreases in the intestines of mice conditionally depleted of microfold (M) cells. To define the importance of Peyer's patch (PP) M cells during MNV pathogenesis, we used a model of BALB/c mice deficient in recombination-activating gene 2 (Rag2) and the common gamma chain (γc) (Rag-γc−/−), which lack gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT), such as Peyer's patches, and mature GP2+M cells. Rag-γc−/−mice were infected intraperitoneally or perorally with MNV-1 or CR3 for 24 or 72 h. Although the intestinal laminae propriae of Rag-γc−/−mice have a higher frequency of certain MNV target cells (dendritic cells and macrophages) than those of wild-type mice and lack others (B cells), Rag-γc−/−and wild-type BALB/c mice showed relatively similar viral loads in the intestine following infection by the intraperitoneal route, which provides direct access to target cells. However, Rag-γc−/−mice were not productively infected with MNV by the oral route, in which virions must cross the intestinal epithelial barrier. These data are consistent with a model whereby PP M cells are the primary route by which MNV crosses the intestinal epithelia of BALB/c mice.IMPORTANCENoroviruses (NoVs) are prevalent pathogens that infect their hosts via the intestine. Identifying key factors during the initial stages of virus infection in the host may provide novel points of intervention. Microfold (M) cells, antigen-sampling cells in the intestine, were previously shown to provide a gateway for murine NoV (MNV) into the host, but the relative importance of this uptake pathway remained unknown. Here we show that the absence of gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT), such as Peyer's patches, which contain high numbers of mature M cells, renders BALB/c mice refractory to oral infection with MNV. These findings are consistent with the model that M cells represent the primary route by which MNV crosses the intestinal epithelial barrier and infects underlying immune cells during a productive infection.

scholarly journals PEYER'S PATCHES: IMMUNOLOGIC STUDIES

1970 ◽  
Vol 131 (6) ◽  
pp. 1200-1210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Henry ◽  
W. Page Faulk ◽  
Lotte Kuhn ◽  
J. M. Yoffey ◽  
H. Hugh Fudenberg
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Peyer's Patches ◽  
Lymphoid Tissues ◽  
Peyer’S Patches ◽  
Memory Cells ◽  
Peyer's Patch ◽  
In Vitro System ◽  
Sheep Erythrocytes

The immune capabilities of the Peyer's patches have been investigated by the use of an in vitro system. Despite our failure to stimulate Peyer's patch lymphocytes in vivo it appears that Peyer's patches behave immunologically as peripheral lymphoid tissues. Cultures prepared from the dissociated Peyer's patches of normal rabbits respond to sheep erythrocytes. The response is comparable to that obtained with spleen cultures from the same animals and is not dependent on the presence of the epithelial cells which line the lumen. Similar thymic cultures do not respond. Our experiments with cultures prepared from rabbits which have received one or two injections of SRC show that the Peyer's patches contain both IgM and IgG "memory" cells which have migrated from the spleen. The concentration of these cells in the spleen remains several hundredfold higher.

Kinetics of particle uptake in the domes of Peyer’s patches

1998 ◽  
Vol 275 (1) ◽  
pp. G130-G137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Beier ◽  
Andreas Gebert
Keyword(s):  
Basal Lamina ◽  
Peyer's Patches ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Lymphoid Tissues ◽  
Peyer’S Patches ◽  
M Cells ◽  
Peyer’S Patch ◽  
Peyer's Patch ◽  
Particle Uptake ◽  
Kinetics Of

Uptake of particulate antigenic matter, including microorganisms and vaccine-bearing microspheres, by the intestinal mucosa takes place in the domes of the gut-associated lymphoid tissues and is achieved by membranous (M) cells, which continuously transport particles from the lumen to the underlying tissue where some particle components initiate immune reactions. Using yeast as tracer, we investigated the kinetics of particle uptake in the Peyer’s patches of pigs. A suspension of baker’s yeast ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae) was injected into the gut lumen of anesthetized minipigs; the position of yeast cells in the tissue was determined after 1, 2.5, 4, and 24 h using fluorescence light- and thin-section electron microscopy. After 1 h, 18.5% of all M cells had taken up or were in close contact with yeast cells. The intercellular space of the epithelium contained a maximum of 60.8% of all yeast cells found in the tissue after 2.5 h, but only 1.3% had been phagocytosed by macrophages. After 4 h most yeast cells (77.8%) were found beneath the basal lamina, and most of these (89%) were found in macrophages. No yeast cells were detected in the Peyer’s patch domes 24 h after application. The data show that transcytosis of yeast particles (3.4 ± 0.8 μm in diameter) by M cells takes <1 h. Without significant phagocytosis by intraepithelial macrophages, the particles migrate down to and across the basal lamina within 2.5–4 h, where they quickly get phagocytosed and transported out of the Peyer’s patch domes.

scholarly journals Role of the glycocalyx in regulating access of microparticles to apical plasma membranes of intestinal epithelial cells: implications for microbial attachment and oral vaccine targeting.

1996 ◽  
Vol 184 (3) ◽  
pp. 1045-1059 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Frey ◽  
K T Giannasca ◽  
R Weltzin ◽  
P J Giannasca ◽  
H Reggio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Oral Vaccine ◽  
M Cells ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
M Cell ◽  
Antigen Uptake ◽  
Apical Membranes

Transepithelial transport of antigens and pathogens across the epithelial barrier by M cells may be a prerequisite for induction of mucosal immunity in the intestine. Efficient transport of antigens and pathogens requires adherence to M cell apical surfaces. Coupling of antigen-containing particles to the pentameric binding subunit of cholera toxin (CTB) has been proposed as a means for increasing antigen uptake because the CTB receptor, ganglioside GM1, is a glycolipid present in apical membranes of all intestinal epithelial cells. To test the accessibility of enterocyte and M cell membrane glycolipids to ligands in the size ranges of viruses, bacteria, and particulate mucosal vaccines, we analyzed binding of CTB probes of different sizes to rabbit Peyer's patch epithelium. Soluble CTB-fluorescein isothiocyanate (diameter 6.4 nm) bound to apical membranes of all epithelial cells. CTB coupled to 14 nm colloidal gold (final diameter, 28.8 nm) failed to adhere to enterocytes but did adhere to M cells. CTB-coated, fluorescent microparticles (final diameter, 1.13 microns) failed to adhere to enterocytes or M cells in vivo or to well-differentiated Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells in vitro. However, these particles bound specifically to GM1 on BALB/c 3T3 fibroblasts in vitro and to undifferentiated Caco-2 cells that lacked brush borders and glycocalyx. Measurements of glycocalyx thickness by electron microscopy suggested that a relatively thin (20 nm) glycocalyx was sufficient to prevent access of 1-micron microparticles to glycolipid receptors. Thus, the barrier function of the intestinal epithelial cell glycocalyx may be important in limiting microbial adherence to membrane glycolipids, and in CTB-mediated targeting of vaccines to M cells and the mucosal immune system.

Selective association and transport of Campylobacter jejuni through M cells of rabbit Peyer's patches

1988 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
pp. 1142-1147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard I. Walker ◽  
Elsa A. Schmauder-Chock ◽  
Joe L. Parker ◽  
Donald Burr
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Peyer's Patches ◽  
Adult Rabbit ◽  
Peyer’S Patches ◽  
M Cells ◽  
M Cell ◽  
Systemic Spread ◽  
Cell Follicle

M cells in the Peyer's patches may facilitate transport of pathogens such as Campylobacter jejuni from the intestine. We evaluated this hypothesis by using electron microscopy to examine Peyer's patches in ligated adult rabbit ileal loops inoculated with 5-mL suspensions of 109 cfu/mL of Campylobacter jejuni. Peyer's patches taken at intervals from 15 min to 2 h after inoculation of loops in anaesthetized rabbits provided evidence that Campylobacter jejuni selectively adhered to M cells as opposed to absorptive epithelial cells and was transported, apparently intact, into the M cell follicle. Although intercellular organisms were seen within the follicle, many others were phagocytosed by lymphoid cells. The proximity of the lymphatic and blood circulatory systems to the M cell follicle makes this a probable route for systemic spread of Campylobacter jejuni.

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