scholarly journals Superiority of West Nile Virus RNA Detection in Whole Blood for Diagnosis of Acute Infection

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (9) ◽  
pp. 2294-2297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaniv Lustig ◽  
Batya Mannasse ◽  
Ravit Koren ◽  
Shiri Katz-Likvornik ◽  
Musa Hindiyeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lower Sensitivity ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Rna Detection ◽  
Routine Diagnosis ◽  
Virus Rna

The current diagnosis of West Nile virus (WNV) infection is primarily based on serology, since molecular identification of WNV RNA is unreliable due to the short viremia and absence of detectable virus in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Recent studies have shown that WNV RNA can be detected in urine for a longer period and at higher concentrations than in plasma. In this study, we examined the presence of WNV RNA in serum, plasma, whole-blood, CSF, and urine samples obtained from patients diagnosed with acute WNV infection during an outbreak which occurred in Israel in 2015. Our results demonstrate that 33 of 38 WNV patients had detectable WNV RNA in whole blood at the time of diagnosis, a higher rate than in any of the other sample types tested. Overall, whole blood was superior to all other samples, with 86.8% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 100% positive predictive value, and 83.9% negative predictive value. Interestingly, WNV viral load in urine was higher than in whole blood, CSF, serum, and plasma despite the lower sensitivity than that of whole blood. This study establishes the utility of whole blood in the routine diagnosis of acute WNV infection and suggests that it may provide the highest sensitivity for WNV RNA detection in suspected cases.

Collaborative study to evaluate a working reagent for West Nile virus RNA detection by nucleic acid testing

Transfusion ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Saldanha ◽  
Susan Shead ◽  
Alan Heath ◽  
Michael Drebot ◽  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Nucleic Acid Testing ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Rna Detection ◽  
Virus Rna

scholarly journals Nucleic Acid Testing for West Nile Virus RNA in Plasma Enhances Rapid Diagnosis of Acute Infection in Symptomatic Patients

2006 ◽  
Vol 193 (10) ◽  
pp. 1361-1364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter A. G. Tilley ◽  
Julie D. Fox ◽  
Gayatri C. Jayaraman ◽  
Jutta K. Preiksaitis
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Rapid Diagnosis ◽  
Nucleic Acid Testing ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Virus Rna

Development of a strand-specific real-time qRT-PCR for the accurate detection and quantitation of West Nile virus RNA

2013 ◽  
Vol 194 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 146-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie M. Lim ◽  
Penelope Koraka ◽  
Albert D.M.E. Osterhaus ◽  
Byron E.E. Martina
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Real Time ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Accurate Detection ◽  
Virus Rna

Analytical and clinical sensitivity of West Nile virus RNA screening and supplemental assays available in 2003

Transfusion ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 492-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.P. Busch ◽  
L.H. Tobler ◽  
J. Saldanha ◽  
S. Caglioti ◽  
V. Shyamala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Clinical Sensitivity ◽  
Virus Rna

The Informed Consent Process in Whole Blood Donation

2008 ◽  
Vol 132 (6) ◽  
pp. 947-951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay A. Alaishuski ◽  
Rodney D. Grim ◽  
Ronald E. Domen
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Informed Consent ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Blood Donation ◽  
Informed Consent Process ◽  
Positive Test ◽  
Consent Process ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Eligibility Requirements

Abstract Context.—Informed consent in transfusion medicine has been an area lacking of significant research and it is unknown if donors fully comprehend the risks associated with whole blood donation. Objective.—To assess the adequacy of the informed consent process in whole blood donation. Design.—A brief questionnaire was constructed and distributed to whole blood donors visiting various fixed and mobile donor sites of the Central Pennsylvania Blood Bank. Questions consisted of demographic information; donor opinions of information content, length, and comprehension; and a short quiz pertaining to donor risks and eligibility. Results.—Analysis of 849 surveys demonstrated that donors comprehended a mean of 73.5% of the various donor eligibility and risks that were surveyed. Female and younger donors scored statistically higher on comprehension questions compared with male and older counterparts. Donors were most aware of (1) donor eligibility requirements related to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome comprehension, (2) the risk of dizziness postdonation, and (3) having lived in a certain country (93.7%–95.6% comprehension, respectively). Donors were least aware of (1) the risk of a possible referral to a physician for outstanding medical conditions or positive test results, (2) the risk of a positive test result, and (3) West Nile virus testing information (22.4%–49.3% comprehension, respectively). Conclusions.—Whole blood donors believed that they were giving informed consent, but a significant percentage of donors were unaware of several of the risks associated with blood donation, including participation in West Nile virus research testing. Our data suggest that donors do not fully comprehend the risks of whole blood donation and that repetition of information to the donor, and in multiple formats, strengthens the level of comprehension and thus the informed consent process.

scholarly journals West Nile virus strain Kunjin NS5 polymerase is a phosphoprotein localized at the cytoplasmic site of viral RNA synthesis

2007 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 1163-1168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason M. Mackenzie ◽  
Mark T. Kenney ◽  
Edwin G. Westaway
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Rna Polymerase ◽  
Virus Strain ◽  
Viral Rna ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Replication Complex ◽  
Virus Rna ◽  
West Nile Virus Strain ◽  
First Time ◽  
Cytoplasmic Location

Using West Nile virus strain Kunjin virus (WNVKUN) as a model system for flavivirus replication, we showed that the virus replication complex (RC) is associated with the dsRNA template located in induced membranes only in the cytoplasm. In this report we established for the first time that the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase NS5 is located in flavivirus-induced membranes, including the site of viral RNA replication. We found no evidence for nuclear localization of the essential RC components NS5 and its dsRNA template for WNVKUN or the closely related WNV strain Sarafend, by immuno-electron microscopy or by immunofluorescence. Metabolic radiolabelling with [32P]orthophosphate revealed that WNVKUN NS5 was phosphorylated and this was confirmed by Western blotting with antibodies specific for phosphorylated serine and threonine only. These observations of a cytoplasmic location for the WNV polymerase and its phosphorylation state correspond to the characteristics of the hepatitis C virus RNA polymerase NS5B.

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