scholarly journals Heterogeneity of Influenza B Virus Strains in One Epidemic Season Differentiated by Monoclonal Antibodies and Nucleotide Sequences

2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 3467-3469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoko Nakagawa ◽  
Ritsuko Kubota ◽  
Akiko Maeda ◽  
Toshimasa Nakagawa ◽  
Yoshinobu Okuno
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Season ◽  
Nucleotide Sequences ◽  
Single Amino Acid ◽  
Influenza B Virus ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Amino Acid Substitutions ◽  
Epidemic Season ◽  
B Virus ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Virus Strains

Seventy-three B/Victoria group strains isolated in the 1996–1997 influenza season were divided into three groups according to the degree of reactivity to monoclonal antibody 8E6. Analysis of nucleotide sequences of the HA1 region clarified that single amino acid substitutions were responsible for the difference in reactivity to 8E6.

scholarly journals COMPARISONS OF INFLUENZA VIRUS STRAINS FROM THREE EPIDEMICS

1947 ◽  
Vol 86 (5) ◽  
pp. 367-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
George K. Hirst
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Strain Differences ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
Influenza B Virus ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
B Virus ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Virus Strains ◽  
Better Than

Some of the peculiarities of strains of influenza A and B virus from two epidemics have been described. The influenza B virus of 1945–46, when compared with influenza A virus, proved to be much more difficult to isolate from human sources by any known means. Its adaptation to the chick embryo (by any route) or to mice was much slower than that of A virus. It did not keep nearly as well on storage at –72°C. either in throat garglings or as passage material. Its adaptation to amniotic growth was usually much better than to allantoic growth even after repeated allantoic passages. It failed to show primary evidence of occurring in the O form, although many of the secondary O characteristics were present and persisted. Its titer in throat washings was not demonstrably high as compared with certain strains of A virus, which were demonstrated in garglings at dilutions of 10–5 and 10–6. The antigenic patterns of influenza A strains from two epidemics were compared. No antigenic differences of significant degree were found among the strains of either epidemic and the difference between the strains of the two epidemics was very slight. A similar study was made of the influenza B strains of the epidemic of 1945–46. This also showed complete lack of significant strain differences. The implications of these findings for influenza prophylaxis are discussed.

scholarly journals Surveillance of Influenza B Virus Strains Circulating in Malaysia (2002–2006)

2008 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. e301-e302
Author(s):  
T.R.T. Rashid ◽  
Z. Saat ◽  
M.A. Yusof ◽  
S.J. Berendam ◽  
F. Md. Kassim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza B Virus ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Virus Strains

scholarly journals Comparative Outcomes of Adults Hospitalized With Seasonal Influenza A or B Virus Infection: Application of the 7-Category Ordinal Scale

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeming Wang ◽  
Guohui Fan ◽  
Peter Horby ◽  
Fredrick Hayden ◽  
Qian Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Clinical Improvement ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Cox Model ◽  
Normal Activity ◽  
Ordinal Scale ◽  
Influenza B Virus ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
B Virus ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Background The objective of this study was to investigate the difference in disease severity between influenza A and B among hospitalized adults using a novel ordinal scale and existing clinical outcome end points. Methods A prospective, observational study was conducted over the 2016–2018 influenza seasons in a central hospital. The primary outcome was the rate of clinical improvement, defined as a decline of 2 categories from admission on a 7-category ordinal scale that ranges from 1 (discharged with normal activity) to 7 (death), or hospital discharge up to day 28. Results In total, 574 eligible patients were enrolled, including 369 (64.3%) influenza A cases and 205 (35.7%) influenza B cases. The proportion of patients with a worse ordinal scale at admission was higher in influenza A than influenza B (P = .0005). Clinical improvement up to 28 days occurred in 82.4% of patients with influenza A and 90.7% of patients with influenza B (P = .0067). The Cox model indicated that influenza B patients had a higher clinical improvement probability than influenza A cases (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.266; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.019–1.573; P = .0335). A similar pattern was observed in weaning oxygen supplement (adjusted HR, 1.285; 95% CI, 1.030–1.603; P = .0261). In-hospital mortality for influenza A was marginally higher than influenza B (11.4% vs 6.8%; P = .0782). Conclusions Our findings indicated that hospitalized patients with influenza A were more ill and had delayed clinical improvement compared with those with influenza B virus infection.

Influenza A(H1N1)pdm 2009 and influenza B virus co-infection in hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients during the 2015–2016 epidemic season in Israel

2017 ◽  
Vol 88 ◽  
pp. 12-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakefet Pando ◽  
Yaron Drori ◽  
Nehemya Friedman ◽  
Aharona Glatman-Freedman ◽  
Hanna Sefty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Influenza B Virus ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Epidemic Season ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
B Virus

scholarly journals Mapping of Genomic Segments of Influenza B Virus Strains by an Oligonucleotide Microarray Method

2004 ◽  
Vol 42 (12) ◽  
pp. 5793-5801 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Ivshina ◽  
G. M. Vodeiko ◽  
V. A. Kuznetsov ◽  
D. Volokhov ◽  
R. Taffs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oligonucleotide Microarray ◽  
Influenza B Virus ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Virus Strains

scholarly journals Antigenic variants with amino acid deletions clarify a neutralizing epitope specific for influenza B virus Victoria group strains

2001 ◽  
Vol 82 (9) ◽  
pp. 2169-2172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoko Nakagawa ◽  
Ritsuko Kubota ◽  
Toshimasa Nakagawa ◽  
Yoshinobu Okuno
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Substitution ◽  
Haemagglutination Inhibition ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Single Amino Acid Substitution ◽  
Single Amino Acid ◽  
Influenza B Virus ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
B Virus

To study the neutralizing epitopes of influenza B virus Victoria group strains, two monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were used to select antigenic variants of the virus. MAbs 10B8 and 8E6 were found to react with B/Victoria group strains in three tests, peroxidase–antiperoxidase staining, haemagglutination inhibition and neutralization tests; no reactivity with B/Yamagata group strains was observed. Analysis of the deduced amino acid sequences of 10B8-induced variants identified a single amino acid deletion at residue 165 or 170, as well as a single amino acid substitution at residues 164 (Asp→Tyr), 165 (Asn→Ser or Thr) or 203 (Lys→Thr or Asn). A single amino acid substitution at residue 241 (Pro→Ser) was observed in 8E6-induced variants. Three-dimensional analysis showed that the epitopes for both MAbs were situated in close proximity to each other. Since B/Yamagata group strains are characterized by amino acid deletions at residues 164–166, the epitope for MAb 10B8 is strictly specific for B/Victoria group strains.

scholarly journals DRIFT OF INFLUENA A(H3N2) VIRUS: BIOLOGICAL, ANTIGENIC AND GENETIC PROPERTIES IN EPIDEMIC SEASON 2016-2017 IN RUSSIA AND COUNTRIES OF THE NOTHERN HEMYSPHERE

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. K. Lvov ◽  
E. I. Burtseva ◽  
E. S. Kirillova ◽  
L. V. Kolobukhina ◽  
E. A. Mukasheva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
H3n2 Virus ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Influenza B Virus ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Epidemic Season ◽  
B Virus

The article presents the features of the influenza virus circulation for the period from October 2016 to May 2017 in some territories of Russia collaborating with the D.I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Federal State Budgetary Institution “N.F. Gamaleya Federal Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology”, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. One of the 2016-2017 season’s peculiarities in Russia and countries of the Northern hemisphere was the earlier start of an increase in ARD morbidity with peak indexes reached towards the end of December 2016 - January 2017. First, influenza A(H3N2) virus was predominant; then, it was followed by influenza B virus activity observed until the end of the season. The indexes of morbidity were higher than in the previous season, while the rates of hospitalization and mortality were lower, lethal cases being detected in persons 65 years old and older. Epidemic strains of influenza A(H3N2) virus belonged to 3c.2a genetic group, reference strain A/Hong Hong/4408/2014, and its subgroup 3c.2a1, reference A/Bolzano/7/2016, that are antigenically similar. Strains of influenza B virus were antigenically similar to the B/Brisbane/60/2008 vaccine virus. Strains were sensitive to oseltamivir and zanamivir. The share participation of non-influenza ARI viruses was similar to preliminary epidemic seasons. WHO has issued recommendations for influenza virus vaccines composition for 2017-2018 for the Northern hemisphere.

scholarly journals Molecular and biochemical characterization of the NS1 protein of non-cultured influenza B virus strains circulating in Singapore

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Raihan Jumat ◽  
Puisan Wong ◽  
Raphael Tze Chuen Lee ◽  
Sebastian Maurer-Stroh ◽  
Boon Huan Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Influenza B Virus ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Ns1 Protein ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Virus Strains

scholarly journals Comparison of the HA genes of type B influenza viruses in herald waves and later epidemic seasons

1992 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 559-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Nakajima ◽  
F. Nishikawa ◽  
K. Nakamura ◽  
K. Nakajima
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Season ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
The Other ◽  
Influenza B Virus ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Type B ◽  
Ha Gene ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Evolutionary Lineages

SUMMARYFrom January 1985 to May 1991, herald strains of influenza B virus were isolated in 1987 and 1989 in Japan. In both cases, influenza epidemics caused by the same type followed in the next winter season. The HA gene sequences of the influenza B viruses isolated in Japan from 1987–91, which covers two herald waves of influenza B viruses, were analysed and located on the phylogenetic tree for influenza B viruses after the B/Singapore/64 strain. Co-circulation of at least two evolutionary lineages of the HA genes existed for influenza B viruses in Japan during the period of this study. The herald viruses in one wave (1987) were genetically close to the winter isolates and were considered to be the parental viruses for the following influenza season, while in the other wave (1989) winter isolates belonged to another lineage on which one of the herald viruses was located, but they were genetically and antigenically different from the herald viruses.

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