scholarly journals Nonhomologous RNA Recombination in Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus: Molecular Characterization of a Variety of Subgenomic RNAs Isolated during an Outbreak of Fatal Mucosal Disease

1999 ◽  
Vol 73 (7) ◽  
pp. 5646-5653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Becher ◽  
Michaela Orlich ◽  
Matthias König ◽  
Heinz-Jürgen Thiel
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Nucleotide Sequencing ◽  
Rna Recombination ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Mucosal Disease ◽  
Subgenomic Rnas ◽  
Viral Diarrhea Virus

ABSTRACT Four bovine viral diarrhea virus type 2 (BVDV-2) pairs consisting of cytopathogenic (cp) and noncp BVDV-2 were isolated during an outbreak of mucosal disease. Comparative sequence analysis showed that the four noncp BVDV-2 isolates were almost identical. For the cp BVDV-2 isolates, viral subgenomic RNAs were shown by Northern blot to have a length of about 8 kb, which is about 4.3 kb shorter than the genome of noncp BVDV. Cytopathogenicity and the expression of NS3 were both strictly correlated to the presence of viral subgenomic RNAs. By reverse transcription-PCR, Southern blot analysis, and nucleotide sequencing, a set of 11 unique subgenomes was identified with up to 5 different subgenomes isolated from one animal. To our knowledge, this is the first report on isolation of a set of pestiviral subgenomes from individual animals. Common features of the BVDV-2 subgenomic RNAs include (i) deletion of most of the genomic region encoding the structural proteins, as well as the nonstructural proteins p7 and NS2, and (ii) insertion of cellular (poly)ubiquitin coding sequences. Three subgenomes also comprised 15 to 75 nucleotides derived from the 5′ part of the NS2 gene. Comparisons of the obtained nucleotide sequences revealed that the different BVDV-2 subgenomes evolved from the respective noncp BVDV-2 by RNA recombination. The presence of short regions of sequence similarity at several crossing-over sites suggests that base pairing between the nascent RNA strand and the acceptor RNA template facilitates template switching of the BVDV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.

Bovine viral diarrhea virus genomic associations in mucosal disease, enteritis and generalized dermatitis outbreaks in Argentina

2003 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anselmo C Odeón ◽  
Guillermo Risatti ◽  
Germán G Kaiser ◽  
Marı́a R Leunda ◽  
Ernesto Odriozola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Mucosal Disease ◽  
Viral Diarrhea Virus

scholarly journals Isolation and Genetic Analysis of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus from Infected Cattle in Indiana

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman M. Pogranichniy ◽  
Megan E. Schnur ◽  
Eran A. Raizman ◽  
Duane A. Murphy ◽  
Maria Negron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Diagnostic Laboratory ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Mucosal Disease ◽  
Pcr Product ◽  
Viral Diarrhea Virus

Species and biotype distribution was determined in 44 bovine viral diarrhea virus- (BVDV-) positive samples submitted to the Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory (ADDL) in Indiana during 2006–2008. BVDV RNA was detected in the 5′-untranslated region and Nproregion using reverse transcriptase PCR followed by sequencing analysis of the PCR product. Additionally, cases were classified into one of six categories according to history and/or lesions: acute symptomatic, hemorrhagic, respiratory distress, reproductive, persistent infection (PI), and mucosal disease (MD). Of 44 BVDV-positive samples, 33 were noncytopathic (ncp), 10 were cytopathic (cp), and one presented both ncp and cp biotypes. Sequencing analysis demonstrated that all samples belonged to BVDV-1a, BVDV-1b, or BVDV-2. The most common isolate was ncp BVDV-1b, (44%) followed by ncp BVDV-2a (24%). Among the six categories, respiratory clinical signs were the most common (36%) followed by PI (25%) and MD (16%).

Monoclonal Antibody-based Immunohistochemical Detection of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus in Formalin-fixed, Paraffin-embedded Tissues

1992 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Haines ◽  
E. G. Clark ◽  
E. J. Dubovi
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Immunohistochemical Detection ◽  
Fixed Tissue ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Mucosal Disease ◽  
Viral Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Formalin Fixed

Thirty-two monoclonal antibodies directed against epitopes on bovine viral diarrhea virus proteins and glycoproteins were tested for immunohistochemical reactivity with bovine viral diarrhea virus in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues from 45 cases of bovine viral diarrhea virus-associated mucosal disease. Only one antibody, designated 15C5, which reacts with the 48-kD glycoprotein of bovine viral diarrhea virus, detected an epitope preserved in these specimens. Monoclonal antibody 15C5 and a polyclonal antibody to bovine viral diarrhea virus successfully detected bovine viral diarrhea viral antigens in 44/45 cases of mucosal disease and did not react with formalin-fixed tissues from 30 uninfected cattle. Monoclonal antibody-based immunohistochemical detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus in routinely fixed tissue specimens has advantages over other currently available techniques in terms of the convenience of specimen submission, the relative ease of method standardization, and the rapidity of the test, and by enabling identification of the virus in association with specific tissues, cell types, and histologic lesions.

scholarly journals In Situ Characterization of Mononuclear Leukocytes in Skin and Digestive Tract of Persistently Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus-infected Clinically Healthy Calves and Calves with Mucosal Disease

1988 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 304-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Bielefeldt Ohmann
Keyword(s):  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Virus Antigen ◽  
Mononuclear Leukocytes ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Mucosal Disease ◽  
Viral Diarrhea Virus

The phenotypic identity of mononuclear leukocytes in skin and digestive tract of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV)-infected animals was examined using sensitive single and double labeling immunocyto-chemical techniques. Occurrence and distribution of B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes of either the helper (BoT4) or suppressor/cytotoxic (BoT8) subsets, and macrophages (M⊘) were examined. No differences were found in the skin and digestive tract of persistently infected clinically healthy calves and uninfected controls, despite widespread virus-antigen presence in keratinocytes (stratum basale and stratum spinosum) of skin and upper digestive tract, in dermal/subepithelial macrophages (M⊘), in gut-epithelial cells, and in lymphocytes and M⊘/monocytes of blood and lymphoid tissues of the former group. M⊘ and Langerhans cells (LC) were the prevailing leukocyte types in the keratinized epithelia and subepithelial connective tissues, with occasional T lymphocytes (mostly intraepithelially located and of the BoT8 phenotype). No B cells were seen. Some infiltrating leukocytes also contained virus antigen. In animals succumbing to mucosal disease (MD), hyper- and parakeratotic changes, as well as necrotizing epithelial lesions, were accompanied by massive infiltration in dermis and epithelium of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II antigen positive cells (M⊘ and LC), some T lymphocytes (predominantly BoT8 positive cells), and, only rarely, B cells. M⊘ also predominated in lamina propria of the gastrointestinal tract. Findings suggest that M⊘ activation is an important aspect of MD pathogenesis. In contrast, the contention that T lymphocytes may play a major role could not be substantiated.

scholarly journals Genetic characterization of Brazilian bovine viral diarrhea virus isolates by partial nucleotide sequencing of the 5'-UTR region

2006 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 211-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Cortez ◽  
Marcos B Heinemann ◽  
Alessandra Marnie M.G. de Castro ◽  
Rodrigo M Soares ◽  
Ana Maria V. Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Nucleotide Sequencing ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Viral Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Virus Isolates

Nineteen isolates of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) from Brazil were genetically characterized through partial nucleotide sequencing and analysis of the 5'UTR region. The isolates were grouped as BVDV-1 (11/19), BVDV-2 (6/19) or "atypical" pestivirus (2/19). Among the BVDV-1, eight isolates were classified as subgenotype BVDV-1a, whereas most (4 out of 6) BVDV-2 belonged to subgenotype 2b. Two isolates from aborted fetuses were not classified into any genetic group, being considered atypical BVDVs. Genetic diversity among Brazilian BVDV isolates may be responsible for vaccination and diag-nostic failure and therefore may influence the control strategies for BVDV infection in the country.

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