scholarly journals Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist Gene Polymorphism and Circulating Levels of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 RNA in Brazilian Women

2001 ◽  
Vol 75 (13) ◽  
pp. 6242-6244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven S. Witkin ◽  
Iara M. Linhares ◽  
Stefan Gerber ◽  
Marie E. Caetano ◽  
Alusio C. Segurado
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Hiv Rna ◽  
Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Circulating Levels ◽  
Hiv Seropositive

ABSTRACT Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) gene polymorphisms in 83 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive women were evaluated. Fourteen of the subjects (16.9%) were homozygous for IL-1ra allele 2 (IL-1RN*2). These women had a lower median level of HIV RNA than did women homozygous for allele 1 (IL-1RN*1) (P = 0.01) or heterozygous for both alleles (P = 0.04). Among 46 subjects not receiving antiretroviral treatment, HIV levels were also reduced in IL-1RN*2 homozygous individuals (P< 0.05). There was no relation between IL-1ra alleles and CD4 levels.

scholarly journals Genotypic Changes in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Associated with Loss of Suppression of Plasma Viral RNA Levels in Subjects Treated with Ritonavir (Norvir) Monotherapy

1998 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 5154-5164 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Scott Eastman ◽  
John Mittler ◽  
Reed Kelso ◽  
Chris Gee ◽  
Eric Boyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type ◽  
Resistance Mutation ◽  
Virologic Response ◽  
Hiv Rna ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Plasma Rna ◽  
Doubling Times ◽  
Rna Levels

ABSTRACT Ten subjects received 600 to 1,200 mg of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) protease inhibitor ritonavir per day. Following 2 weeks of therapy, plasma HIV RNA levels decreased by a mean of 1.57 (range, 0.89 to 1.96) log units. With continued therapy, HIV RNA levels began to rise in eight subjects. The initial rise in plasma RNA levels was temporally associated with the development and quantitative increase in the V82 resistance mutation. Doubling times of the V82A mutant virus were estimated to be 2.4 to 4.8 days. An L63P/A mutation was commonly present at baseline even in subjects with a durable virologic response. The concomitant acquisition of an L63P/A mutation with the V82A/F mutation at the time when plasma RNA levels rebounded suggests a role for the L63P/A mutation in improving the fitness of the V82A/F mutation. Subsequent additional genotypic changes at codons 54 and 84 were often associated with further increases in plasma RNA levels. Ongoing viral replication in the presence of drugs resulted in the appearance of additional genotypic changes, including the L90M saquinavir resistance mutation, and decreased phenotypic susceptibility. The relative fitness of the protease V82A ritonavir resistance mutation and reverse transcriptase T215Y/F zidovudine resistance mutation following drug withdrawal were estimated to be 96 to 98% that of the wild type. Durability of the virologic response was associated with plasma RNA levels at the nadir. A virologic response beyond 60 days was not observed unless plasma HIV RNA levels were suppressed below 2,000 copies/ml, consistent with estimates from V82A doubling times for selection of a single resistance mutation to dominate the replicating population.

scholarly journals Functional Reconstitution of Thymopoiesis after Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

2000 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 2943-2948 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott G. Kitchen ◽  
Scott Killian ◽  
Janis V. Giorgi ◽  
Jerome A. Zack
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Cell Receptor ◽  
Combination Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Thymic Function ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Variable Gene ◽  
Costimulatory Signals

ABSTRACT We have utilized combination antiretroviral therapy following human immunodeficiency virus type 1-induced human CD4+ thymocyte depletion in the SCID-hu mouse to examine the immune competence of reconstituting thymocytes which appear following administration of combination therapy. These cells express a normal distribution of T-cell receptor variable gene families and are responsive to costimulatory signals. These results suggest that normal thymic function may be restored following antiretroviral treatment.

scholarly journals Early Detection of Perinatal Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Type 1 Infection Using HIV RNA Amplification and Detection

1997 ◽  
Vol 175 (3) ◽  
pp. 707-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Steketee ◽  
E. J. Abrams ◽  
D. M. Thea ◽  
T. M. Brown ◽  
G. Lambert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Rna Amplification ◽  
Hiv Rna ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Type 1
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