scholarly journals Chromatin organization of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae 2 microns plasmid depends on plasmid-encoded products.

1985 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 2190-2196 ◽  
Author(s):  
B E Veit ◽  
W L Fangman
Keyword(s):  
Copy Number ◽  
Plasmid Copy Number ◽  
Chromatin Organization ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Plasmid Copy ◽  
Cis Acting ◽  
Stable Plasmid ◽  
2 Micron Plasmid ◽  
Plasmid Genes ◽  
A Site

We have used gene disruptions and nuclease probes to assess the roles of yeast 2 micron plasmid genes in plasmid chromatin organization. The chromatin structure at the replication origin is not dependent on any of the four major open reading frames, A, B, C, or D. While stable plasmid maintenance is known to depend on a cis-acting locus STB and genes B and C, we find that only gene B influences STB chromatin. Other interactions between plasmid gene products and sequences may reflect gene regulation: the chromatin organization at the 5' end of gene A, which codes for a site-specific recombinase, depends on both gene B and gene C. Since disruption of gene C results in an increase in plasmid copy number that is dependent on gene A, we propose that gene C (and probably gene B) control copy number by regulating the level of the gene A recombinase.

Chromatin organization of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae 2 microns plasmid depends on plasmid-encoded products

1985 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 2190-2196
Author(s):  
B E Veit ◽  
W L Fangman
Keyword(s):  
Copy Number ◽  
Plasmid Copy Number ◽  
Chromatin Organization ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Plasmid Copy ◽  
Cis Acting ◽  
Stable Plasmid ◽  
2 Micron Plasmid ◽  
Plasmid Genes ◽  
A Site

We have used gene disruptions and nuclease probes to assess the roles of yeast 2 micron plasmid genes in plasmid chromatin organization. The chromatin structure at the replication origin is not dependent on any of the four major open reading frames, A, B, C, or D. While stable plasmid maintenance is known to depend on a cis-acting locus STB and genes B and C, we find that only gene B influences STB chromatin. Other interactions between plasmid gene products and sequences may reflect gene regulation: the chromatin organization at the 5' end of gene A, which codes for a site-specific recombinase, depends on both gene B and gene C. Since disruption of gene C results in an increase in plasmid copy number that is dependent on gene A, we propose that gene C (and probably gene B) control copy number by regulating the level of the gene A recombinase.

scholarly journals cis-acting mutations that affect rop protein control of plasmid copy number.

1984 ◽  
Vol 81 (14) ◽  
pp. 4465-4469 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Moser ◽  
D. Ma ◽  
C. D. Moser ◽  
J. L. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Copy Number ◽  
Plasmid Copy Number ◽  
Plasmid Copy ◽  
Cis Acting

scholarly journals Copy number and partition of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae 2 micron plasmid controlled by transcription regulators.

1988 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 4949-4957 ◽  
Author(s):  
B E Veit ◽  
W L Fangman
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Gene Products ◽  
Plasmid Copy ◽  
Cis Acting ◽  
Master Regulators ◽  
Transcription Regulators ◽  
2 Micron Plasmid ◽  
Mother Nucleus ◽  
Specific Sequences

The 2 micron plasmid of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is maintained by the action of plasmid-encoded gene products that control copy number and promote equipartition of plasmid copies at cell division. We show that the REP1 and REP2 plasmid-encoded gene products are master regulators that act in concert to autoregulate the level of their own transcripts and to regulate transcript levels of the FLP gene that promotes plasmid copy amplification. REP1 and REP2 are also shown to repress transcription at REP3, the cis-acting site essential for plasmid equipartitioning. We propose a model in which REP3 acts by dislodging transcription apparatuses that otherwise cause plasmid molecules to adhere to the mother nucleus and segregate asymmetrically. On the basis of their ability to generate specific chromatin structures, we also propose that the REP1 and REP2 gene products interact with different specific sequences found iterated in the 2 micron plasmid.

Copy number and partition of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae 2 micron plasmid controlled by transcription regulators

1988 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 4949-4957
Author(s):  
B E Veit ◽  
W L Fangman
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Gene Products ◽  
Plasmid Copy ◽  
Cis Acting ◽  
Master Regulators ◽  
Transcription Regulators ◽  
2 Micron Plasmid ◽  
Mother Nucleus ◽  
Specific Sequences

The 2 micron plasmid of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is maintained by the action of plasmid-encoded gene products that control copy number and promote equipartition of plasmid copies at cell division. We show that the REP1 and REP2 plasmid-encoded gene products are master regulators that act in concert to autoregulate the level of their own transcripts and to regulate transcript levels of the FLP gene that promotes plasmid copy amplification. REP1 and REP2 are also shown to repress transcription at REP3, the cis-acting site essential for plasmid equipartitioning. We propose a model in which REP3 acts by dislodging transcription apparatuses that otherwise cause plasmid molecules to adhere to the mother nucleus and segregate asymmetrically. On the basis of their ability to generate specific chromatin structures, we also propose that the REP1 and REP2 gene products interact with different specific sequences found iterated in the 2 micron plasmid.

scholarly journals Segregational Drift and the Interplay between Plasmid Copy Number and Evolvability

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 472-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Ilhan ◽  
Anne Kupczok ◽  
Christian Woehle ◽  
Tanita Wein ◽  
Nils F Hülter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Copy Number ◽  
Plasmid Copy Number ◽  
Plasmid Copy

scholarly journals Plasmid copy number noise in monoclonal populations of bacteria

2010 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jérôme Wong Ng ◽  
Didier Chatenay ◽  
Jérôme Robert ◽  
Michael Guy Poirier
Keyword(s):  
Copy Number ◽  
Plasmid Copy Number ◽  
Plasmid Copy

scholarly journals Effects of Biofilm Growth on Plasmid Copy Number and Expression of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Enterococcus faecalis

2013 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 1850-1856 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. C. Cook ◽  
G. M. Dunny
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Plasmid Copy Number ◽  
Plasmid Copy ◽  
Rapid Reduction ◽  
Biofilm Growth ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACTBiofilm growth causes increased average plasmid copy number as well as increased copy number heterogeneity inEnterococcus faecaliscells carrying plasmid pCF10. In this study, we examined whether biofilm growth affected the copy number and expression of antibiotic resistance determinants for several plasmids with diverse replication systems. Four differentE. faecalisplasmids, unrelated to pCF10, demonstrated increased copy number in biofilm cells. In biofilm cells, we also observed increased transcription of antibiotic resistance genes present on these plasmids. The increase in plasmid copy number correlated with increased plating efficiency on high concentrations of antibiotics. Single-cell analysis of strains carrying two different plasmids suggested that the increase in plasmid copy number associated with biofilm growth was restricted to a subpopulation of biofilm cells. Regrowth of harvested biofilm cells in liquid culture resulted in a rapid reduction of plasmid copy number to that observed in the planktonic state. These results suggest a possible mechanism by which biofilm growth could reduce susceptibility to antibiotics in clinical settings.

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