scholarly journals Abnormal postural reflexes in a patient with pontine ischaemia

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 (nov11 1) ◽  
pp. bcr2015210616-bcr2015210616
Author(s):  
R. Cantello ◽  
L. Magistrelli ◽  
E. Terazzi ◽  
E. Grossini
Keyword(s):  
Postural Reflexes

Myelotomy for control of mass spasms in paraplegia

1976 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 683-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shokei Yamada ◽  
Phanor L. Perot ◽  
Thomas B. Ducker ◽  
Isabel Lockard
Keyword(s):  
Gray Matter ◽  
Central Canal ◽  
Motor Power ◽  
Dorsal Midline ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Postural Reflexes ◽  
Voluntary Motor ◽  
Wheel Chair ◽  
Fine Print

✓ A new myelotomy knife is described and a procedure, designed to sever certain reflex connections while preserving as many corticospinal connections as possible, is presented. Through intermittent dorsal midline incisions the gray matter lateral to the central canal is severed bilaterally under the microscope from L-1 to S-1. This procedure relieved mass spasms and hyperactive reflexes in 14 paraplegic or tetraplegic patients, but preserved postural reflexes and whatever voluntary motor power the patients had prior to myelotomy. Before myelotomy all patients were bedridden. Afterward nine patients were able to use a wheel chair and five were able to walk with the use of parallel bars or crutches.

Postural reflexes in patients on long-term neuroleptic medication

1991 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis J. Beckley ◽  
Bastiaan R. Bloem ◽  
Jaswinder Singh ◽  
Michael P. Remler ◽  
Nancy S. Wolfe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuroleptic Medication ◽  
Postural Reflexes

Training induced adaptations in characteristics of postural reflexes in elderly men

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 459-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Granacher ◽  
A. Gollhofer ◽  
D. Strass
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Men ◽  
Postural Reflexes

Target Selection for Parkinson Disease With Medication-Refractory Unilateral Resting Tremor

2020 ◽  
pp. 55-58
Author(s):  
Fuyuko Sasaki ◽  
Yasushi Shimo ◽  
Nobutaka Hattori
Keyword(s):  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Target Selection ◽  
Postural Tremor ◽  
Parkinsonian Tremor ◽  
Postural Reflexes ◽  
Tremor Suppression ◽  
Bothersome Symptom ◽  
History Of ◽  
Stn Dbs

A 67-year-old, right-handed man had a 7-year history of right-dominant, severe medication-refractory resting and action-postural tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, and impairment of postural reflexes, with his symptoms poorly responsive to oral antiparkinsonian medication. His parkinsonian symptoms with the exception of tremor responded to levodopa infusion. His most bothersome symptom was tremor, and implantation of a left subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) lead was pursued with possible posterior subthalamic area (PSA) DBS if the tremor suppression by STN was not intraoperatively sufficient. Ultimately, the STN DBS lead provided reasonable tremor suppression during the operation, and there was no need for PSA DBS. After the surgery, his tremor and other parkinsonian symptoms were well-controlled. This case highlights that unilateral STN DBS is a reasonable indication for medication-refractory parkinsonian tremor with significant laterality of bothersome symptoms, although other options may also be considered.

TONIC ADAPTIONS IN DEAFFERENTED LIMBS OF THE CAT

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-155
Author(s):  
R. D. Teasdall ◽  
G. W. Stavraky
Keyword(s):  
Hind Limb ◽  
Muscle Tone ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Linear Acceleration ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nerve Roots ◽  
Normal Response ◽  
Postural Reflexes ◽  
Reflex Arc ◽  
Spinal Neurones

In 26 cats postural reflexes and tonic adjustments in the chronically deafferented and intact limbs were studied by means of moving picture and other photographic recordings for a period of four to six months. The positive supporting reactions which were dependent on an intrinsic reflex arc were permanently abolished by the deafferentation. Other segmental reflexes such as the crossed extensor and Philippson's reflex were readily elicited in the deafterented extremity within 24 to 48 hr. after section of the posterior nerve roots, and after longer intervals following the deafferentation these reflexes became greatly exaggerated. They appeared sooner after the operation and became more prominent in the hind limb than in the fore limb.The intersegmental postural reflexes and the scratch reflex were consistently present in the deafferented limbs of chronic animals and the latter reflex became markedly hyperactive within one week after section of the posterior nerve roots. The normal reflex responses to linear acceleration were first depressed by section of the posterior nerve roots, but in one to four weeks after the operation they were readily demonstrable, became exaggerated in the deafferented extremity, and remained so for the rest of the period of observation. Unlike the crossed extensor reflex, these reflexes reappeared first in the fore limb and reached greater prominence in this extremity than they did in the hind limb. A reversal of the tonic labyrinthine and neck reflexes was demonstrated in the deafferented extremities of the chronic animal. This reversal appeared one to two months after section of the posterior nerve roots in the fore limb, and two to three months following deafferentation of the hind limb. When established, the reversal was readily elicited and took place simultaneously with a normal response in the intact extremities on the opposite side of the body. Simultaneously with the changes in postural reflexes, alterations in tone became prominent.The modified and exaggerated postural reflexes and tonic adjustments observed in the deafferented limbs were attributed to a sensitization of the partially denervated spinal neurones to nerve impulses reaching them from various receptive fields other than those originating in the extremity itself. It is felt that the modifications in postural reflexes and subsequent alterations of muscle tone which have been demonstrated in the chronically deafferented extremities of animals may play an important part in the pathogenesis of human sensory ataxia.

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