Serum cortisol concentrations during low dose dexamethasone suppression test to screen for Cushing's syndrome.

ContextTraditionally, low-dose dexamethasone suppression test (LDDST) was used to confirm the diagnosis of Cushing’s syndrome (CS), and high-dose dexamethasone suppression test (HDDST) was used to differentiate Cushing’s disease (CD) and ectopic adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) syndrome (EAS), but some studies suggested that HDDST might be replaced by LDDST. For the differential diagnosis of CS, dexamethasone suppression test was usually combined with other tests such as bilateral petrosal sinus sampling (BIPSS) and pituitary magnetic resonance imaging, but the optimal pathway to incorporate these tests is still controversial.ObjectivesTo develop an optimized pathway for the differential diagnosis of CD and EAS based on LDDST.Design and SettingSingle-center retrospective study (2011–2019).PatientsTwo hundred sixty-nine CD and 29 EAS patients with pathological diagnosis who underwent consecutive low- and high-dose DST.ResultsFor the differential diagnosis of CD and EAS, the area under curve (AUC) of LDDST using urine free cortisol (0.881) was higher than that using serum cortisol (0.685) (p < 0.001) in head-to-head comparison among a subgroup of 108 CD and 10 EAS. The AUC of LDDST (0.883) was higher than that of HDDST (0.834) among all the included patients. With the cutoff of <26%, the sensitivity and specificity of LDDST were 39.4% and 100%. We designed a new pathway in which BIPSS was only reserved for those patients with unsuppressed LDDST and adenoma <6mm, yielding an overall sensitivity of 97.7% and specificity of 86.7%.ConclusionLDDST had similar value to HDDST in differentiating CD and EAS using the specific cutoff point. The pathway that combined LDDST and BIPSS could differentiate CD and EAS accurately.

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Low-Dose and Standard Overnight and Low Dose-Two Day Dexamethasone Suppression Tests in Patients with Mild and/or Episodic Hypercortisolism

Hormone and Metabolic Research ◽

10.1055/a-0603-3868 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 50 (06) ◽

pp. 453-461 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mona Mojtahedzadeh ◽

Nesyah Shaesteh ◽

Mastaneh Haykani ◽

Jennifer Tran ◽

Michael Mangubat ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cushing’S Syndrome ◽

Low Dose ◽

Serum Cortisol ◽

Cushing's Syndrome ◽

Dexamethasone Suppression Test ◽

Morning Cortisol ◽

Morning Serum Cortisol ◽

Suppression Test ◽

Biochemical Testing ◽

Dexamethasone Suppression

AbstractWe previously reported on the lack of utility of the 1 mg overnight dexamethasone (DEX) test in mild and/or periodic Cushing’s syndrome, as most patients with the condition suppressed to 1 mg DEX. It is possible that a lower dose of DEX as part of an overnight DEX test might be able to distinguish between mild and/or periodic Cushing’s syndrome and those without the condition. The objective of the current study is to determine the sensitivity and specificity of a 0.25 mg overnight DEX suppression test, the standard 1 mg overnight DEX suppression test, and the two-day low-dose (Liddle test) DEX suppression test with and without correction for DEX levels in patients evaluated for mild and/or periodic Cushing’s syndrome. Thirty patients determined to have Cushing’s syndrome by biochemical testing and 14 patients determined not to have the condition had the 0.25 mg and standard 1 mg overnight DEX suppression test and the two-day low-dose DEX suppression tests. Our results show that morning serum cortisol and cortisol/DEX ratios following an overnight dexamethasone suppression test were similar in patients with Cushing’s syndrome and those not having Cushing’s syndrome. However, a morning cortisol value above 7.6 μg/dl following a dose of DEX of 0.25 mg was found in 12 patients with Cushing’s syndrome and none in those not having Cushing’s syndrome, suggesting that a high cortisol value after this low dose of dexamethasone can indicate that further testing for Cushing’s syndrome is warranted. Our data suggest that the traditional 1 mg overnight or the 2 mg/2 day DEX suppression testing should no longer be used as a screening test in patients who could have mild and/or periodic Cushing’s syndrome, while the 0.25 mg dose of DEX may pick up some patients with mild Cushing’s syndrome.

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Serum Cortisol Concentrations During Low Dose Dexamethasone Suppression Test to Screen for Cushing’s Syndrome

The Journal of Urology ◽

10.1016/s0022-5347(17)49197-x ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 133 (4) ◽

pp. 740-740

Author(s):

L. Kennedy ◽

A.B. Atkinson ◽

H. Johnston ◽

B. Sheridan ◽

D.R. Hadden

Keyword(s):

Cushing’S Syndrome ◽

Low Dose ◽

Serum Cortisol ◽

Cushing's Syndrome ◽

Dexamethasone Suppression Test ◽

Suppression Test ◽

Dexamethasone Suppression

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Comparison of the Dexamethasone-Suppressed Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Test and Low-Dose Dexamethasone Suppression Test in the Diagnosis of Cushing’s Syndrome

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/jc.2005-2143 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 91 (7) ◽

pp. 2582-2586 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

N. M. Martin ◽

W. S. Dhillo ◽

A. Banerjee ◽

A. Abdulali ◽

C. N. Jayasena ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diagnostic Accuracy ◽

Cushing’S Syndrome ◽

Low Dose ◽

Outcome Measure ◽

Serum Cortisol ◽

Cushing's Syndrome ◽

Dexamethasone Suppression Test ◽

A Value ◽

Suppression Test ◽

Dexamethasone Suppression

Abstract Context: The low-dose dexamethasone suppression test (LDDST) is widely used in confirming a diagnosis of Cushing’s syndrome. CRH administration at the end of an LDDST has been reported to improve the diagnostic accuracy of this test. Objective: Our objective was to assess whether CRH administration after a standard LDDST (LDDST-CRH test) improves diagnostic accuracy in Cushing’s syndrome. Design, Setting, and Participants: Thirty-six individuals with a clinical suspicion of Cushing’s syndrome each completed a standard LDDST and an LDDST-CRH test at Hammersmith Hospitals NHS Trust, London. The LDDST involved administration of 0.5 mg oral dexamethasone given 6-hourly for 48 h. Serum cortisol was measured 6 h after the last dose of dexamethasone, with a value of 50 nmol/liter or below excluding Cushing’s syndrome. Immediately after this, the LDDST-CRH test commenced with administration of a ninth dose of 0.5 mg dexamethasone. Exactly 2 h later, 100 μg human-sequence CRH was administered. Serum cortisol was measured 15 min after the CRH injection, with a value of less than 38 nmol/liter also excluding Cushing’s syndrome. Main Outcome Measure: Diagnosis or exclusion of Cushing’s syndrome was the main outcome measure. Results: Twelve subjects were diagnosed with Cushing’s syndrome (eight Cushing’s disease and four primary adrenal). The sensitivity of the LDDST in diagnosing Cushing’s syndrome was 100%, with a specificity of 88%. In contrast, although the sensitivity of the LDDST-CRH test was also 100%, specificity was reduced at 67%. These results give a positive predictive value of 80% for the LDDST and 60% for the LDDST-CRH test. Conclusion: This small study suggests that the addition of CRH to the LDDST does not improve the diagnostic accuracy of the standard LDDST in Cushing’s syndrome.

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