scholarly journals Iron deficiency anaemia: pathophysiology, assessment, practical management

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. e000759
Author(s):  
Aditi Kumar ◽  
Esha Sharma ◽  
Alexandra Marley ◽  
Mark A Samaan ◽  
Matthew James Brookes
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anaemia ◽  
Intravenous Iron ◽  
Deficiency Anaemia ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Iron Replacement ◽  
In Pregnancy

The WHO has recognised iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) as the most common nutritional deficiency in the world, with 30% of the population being affected with this condition. Although the most common causes of IDA are gastrointestinal bleeding and menstruation in women, decreased dietary iron and decreased iron absorption are also culpable causes. Patients with IDA should be treated with the aim of replenishing iron stores and returning the haemoglobin to a normal level. This has shown to improve quality of life, morbidity, prognosis in chronic disease and outcomes in pregnancy. Iron deficiency occurs in many chronic inflammatory conditions, including congestive cardiac failure, chronic kidney disease and inflammatory bowel disease. This article will provide an updated overview on diagnosis and management of IDA in patients with chronic conditions, preoperative and in pregnancy. We will discuss the benefits and limitations of oral versus intravenous iron replacement in each cohort, with an overview on cost analysis between the different iron formulations currently on the market.

scholarly journals Evaluation of safety and efficacy of intravenous iron sucrose therapy for moderate anaemia in antenatal women

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 2258
Author(s):  
K. P. Poojitha ◽  
B. S. B. Mallika ◽  
K. V. Siva Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anaemia ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Intravenous Iron ◽  
Iron Sucrose ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Deficiency Anaemia ◽  
Anaemia In Pregnancy ◽  
Moderate Anaemia ◽  
In Pregnancy

Background: Prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia is high in developing countries like India. Treatment of iron deficiency anaemia in pregnancy is very important to bring down maternal mortality rate as blood loss during delivery can lead to death of the patient. The aim and objective of our study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravenous iron sucrose infusions in antenatal women admitted in hospital suffering from moderate iron deficiency anaemia. Special emphasis was given to observe adverse drug effects.Methods: This was a prospective observational study conducted in Obstetrics and Gynaecology department, Government General Hospital, Rangaraya Medical College, Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh. Study period was two months and study population included antenatal women with gestational age less than 37 weeks with moderate iron deficiency anaemia. Peripheral smear was examined for microcytic hypochromic anaemia and they were treated with intravenous infusion of iron sucrose. Haemoglobin levels were checked before and 5 weeks after iron infusions. Monitoring was done for adverse reactions.Results: Out of 322 admissions, 95% were found to be anaemic. 72 patients were suffering from moderate anaemia from which 25 have been included and treated with intravenous iron sucrose infusions. They were observed for efficacy and safety parameters. Two minor adverse events were reported (fever with chills and angioedema of lips) and they were excluded from study. Mean haemoglobin concentration was found to be raised from 7.08±0.73 (SD) to 11.33±0.48 (SD) within 5 weeks for 23 patients.Conclusions: Iron sucrose infusion is safe and effective for anaemia in pregnancy.

scholarly journals Management of Iron Deficiency Anaemia in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 142 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristine Michelle Jimenez ◽  
Christoph Gasche
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anaemia ◽  
Intravenous Iron ◽  
Extraintestinal Manifestation ◽  
Deficiency Anaemia ◽  
Multiple Parameters ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Selection Of

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of chronic relapsing inflammatory disorders affecting the large and small intestine, with a rising worldwide incidence and prevalence. Anaemia is the most common extraintestinal manifestation of IBD, correlating with disease activity, and tending to relapse even after successful therapy. Iron deficiency is the most common cause; however, it often manifests in combination with anaemia of inflammation. As such, multiple parameters are used for the diagnosis of iron deficiency anaemia in IBD. Timely recognition and selection of appropriate therapy leads to an improvement in the quality of life and prevention of potential sequelae. Oral iron can be effective under specific circumstances; however, as luminal iron changes microbiota and bacterial metabolism, oral administration should be avoided. Intravenous iron is preferred as it bypasses the sites of inflammation. Nevertheless, the optimization of IBD treatment should occur simultaneously, as this improves both patient condition and response to iron therapy. Herein, we discuss the screening, diagnosis, selection of therapy, and follow-up for iron deficiency anaemia in IBD.

scholarly journals Anaemia in pregnancy: prevalence and treatment response to various modalities: a prospective study

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 3784
Author(s):  
G. D. Maiti ◽  
Shilpa Gupta ◽  
Jaskanwar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anaemia ◽  
Intravenous Iron ◽  
Iron Therapy ◽  
Deficiency Anaemia ◽  
Thalassemia Trait ◽  
Anaemia In Pregnancy ◽  
Intravenous Iron Therapy ◽  
In Pregnancy

Background: Anaemia seen in pregnancy are largely preventable and easily treatable if detected in time, despite this, anaemia still continues to be a common cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality in India.Methods: A prospective observational study of 200 pregnant women with anaemia was carried out from Jun 2017 to December 2018 at a Tertiary care hospital with pan India population. Patients underwent clinical examination and laboratory tests to find out the severity and type of anaemia and were treated accordingly. Iron deficiency anaemia was treated with oral or intravenous iron therapy depending upon the hemoglobin concentration. Patients were followed up after 28 days of treatment and hemoglobin estimation was done to monitor the treatment response.Results: A total 36.49% pregnant women had hemoglobin less than 10 gm%. 151 out of 200 women had serum ferritin <12 ng/ml which indicates that iron deficiency anaemia is the commonest type of anaemia in pregnancy. Overall, out of 200 patients 5.5% patients were found to have hemoglobinopathies (β thalassemia trait). After 28 days of treatment mean increase in hemoglobin was 2.40 gm% and 4.24 gm% in patients receiving oral and intravenous iron therapy respectively.Conclusions: A total 36.49% pregnant women were found to have anaemia during pregnancy and iron deficiency anaemia is the commonest type of anaemia. Therefore, there is still a need for dietary counselling and health education in the community. 5.5% patients were found to have beta thalassemia trait which was detected only after conducting hemoglobin electrophoresis. Both oral and intravenous iron therapy are effective in treatment of iron deficiency anaemia but intravenous iron therapy results in a more rapid resolution of anaemia.

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