Introduction:
Long QT syndrome (LQTS) is a genetic disorder associated with abnormal ventricular repolarization and a predisposition for torsade de pointes and sudden cardiac death. Identification of markers to elucidate high risk patients is of major practical importance. Our aim was to use a novel, automated quantitative T wave analysis program to distinguish symptomatic from asymptomatic LQTS patients.
Methods:
We analyzed a genotyped cohort of 420 patients (22 ± 15.7years, 43% male) with either LQT1 (61%) or LQT2 (39%). ECG analysis was conducted using novel software that we created to automatically detect subtle changes in T wave morphology. Symptomatic patients were defined as those with a history of syncope or resuscitated cardiac arrest that was suspected of being LQTS triggered. Classification was performed using the top three T wave features in a linear discriminant classifier by 10x10 cross-validation.
Results:
Symptomatic LQT1 patients have a greater QTc duration in lead aVF (437 msec vs 416 msec, p <0.0001), a greater T wave center of gravity on the x axis (COGx) in lead V2 (0.304 vs 0.280, p <0.0001) and longer Tpeak-Tend/QT in lead II (0.208 vs 0.188, p < 0.0001) than asymptomatic patients with LQT1. Use of these 3 features enabled classification of symptomatic status in 72% of LQT1 cases, compared to 68% when QTc was used to classify alone. Symptomatic LQT2 patients had a longer QTc in Lead 1 (460 vs 418 msec, p < 0.0001), COGx in 4th segment of T wave was greater in lead V5 (0.399 vs 0.350, p<0.0001), and the Tpeak-Tend interval in V2 was longer (126 vs 99 msec, P =0.0004). Use of these 3 features enabled correct classification in 73% of LQT2 cases, compared to 67% when QTc was used alone.
Conclusions:
Application of an automated T wave analysis program was able to identify T wave features that distinguished the patients who presented as symptomatic LQTS, associated with syncope or resuscitated cardiac arrest. Use of these features could help assess arrhythmic risk and guide management strategies for patients with LQTS.