Isozyme variation and the conservation genetics of Garry oak

2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (11) ◽  
pp. 1478-1487 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Ritland ◽  
L.D. Meagher ◽  
D.G.W. Edwards ◽  
Y.A. El-Kassaby
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Keystone Species ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Quercus Garryana ◽  
White Oak ◽  
Isolated Populations ◽  
Island Populations ◽  
Inbreeding Coefficients

Garry oak ( Quercus garryana Dougl. ex Hook) has a long north–south distribution along the inland Pacific coast. In British Columbia, it is a keystone species in a unique and endangered “Garry oak meadow” ecosystem. Here, we apply isozyme markers to address issues in the conservation and phylogeography of Garry oak. Among 42 populations and 23 gene loci, gene diversity (expected heterozygosity) averaged 0.17, and number of alleles per locus averaged 1.84. These values are about one-half of those found in other white oak species. Using progeny arrays, we found outcrossing rates in two Vancouver Island populations to average 0.96, with no detectable biparental inbreeding; also inbreeding coefficients of the 42 populations averaged near zero (0.025); thus inbreeding is not a significant concern. Cluster analysis of genetic distances identified two major groups of populations: southern Washington – Oregon and Vancouver Island – Gulf Islands; populations within the island region were particularly homogenous. An isolated mainland British Columbia population near Sumas, British Columbia, perhaps of anthropogenic origin, showed the least genetic variability and greatest genetic distance. Generally, geographically isolated populations were more genetically depauperate, which may place handicaps on their survival, but also more genetically distinct, providing a greater evolutionary legacy to the species.

The phytogeography of Oxalis oregana in British Columbia

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 1561-1563
Author(s):  
R. T. Ogilvie ◽  
R. J. Hebda ◽  
Hans L. Roemer
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Tsuga Heterophylla ◽  
Picea Sitchensis ◽  
Native People ◽  
Thuja Plicata ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
Island Populations ◽  
Queen Charlotte Islands ◽  
Polystichum Munitum

The occurrence of Oxalis oregana Nutt. in British Columbia is documented for five localities on the west coast of Vancouver Island and one locality in the Queen Charlotte Islands. The Oxalis populations grow in alluvial Tsuga heterophylla – Picea sitchensis – Thuja plicata – Polystichum munitum forest communities. Rhizomatous reproduction was recorded in all populations and flowering in two of the Vancouver Island populations. Three of the populations may be less than 3000 years old because they would have been inundated by higher sea levels during the middle Holocene. Possible introduction of plants by native people from the Olympic Peninsula, WA, is discussed.

Phylogeography of the tailed frog (Ascaphus truei) in British Columbia

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (10) ◽  
pp. 1749-1758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kermit Ritland ◽  
Linda A Dupuis ◽  
Fred L Bunnell ◽  
Wesley LY Hung ◽  
John E Carlson
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Range Expansion ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Distinct Group ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Physical Distance ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Coastal Regions ◽  
Ascaphus Truei

The tailed frog (Ascaphus truei) is highly philopatric, with naturally disjunct populations. To infer the historical pattern of range expansion and contraction in A. truei of British Columbia (B.C.), we conducted a randomly ampli fied polymorphic DNA (RAPD) survey, using 16 primers, of 469 individuals sampled from 22 populations in four regions. Genetic distances, based on 169 putative RAPD loci, clustered populations into three clear groups: mid/north-coastal B.C., south-coastal B.C., and interior B.C. The interior populations were the most distinct group, but their genetic distance from other groups equals that expected from isolation by physical distance alone, as opposed to taxonomic differentiation. FST values within coastal regions were moderately low (0.02-0.05) but were high in the interior (0.12) and across all populations (0.18). Within the mid/north-coastal and south-coastal regions, genetic distance showed no relationship with physical distance, while among regions and within the interior region there was a strong relationship. Gene diversity varied significantly among regions, with both the interior and south-coastal populations showing about 25% less diversity than the mid/north-coastal populations. These data indicate a complex history of geographic restrictions to multiple refugia, followed by various types of range expansion. The implications of these results for conservation efforts in this species are discussed.

Molecular and historical evidence for the introduction of clouded salamanders (genus Aneides) to Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada, from California

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (8) ◽  
pp. 1570-1580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd R Jackman
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
New Species ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Historical Evidence ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Island Populations ◽  
Term Basis ◽  
A New Species

Genetic evidence shows that Vancouver Island populations of clouded salamanders (genus Aneides) are nearly identical with some California populations, in both allozymes and mitochondrial DNA. Historical evidence suggests that salamanders were introduced to Vancouver Island during the nineteenth century. They were probably included in shipments of tan oak bark from California. Tan oak bark was used extensively in the tanning of leather at that time. The introduction to Vancouver Island provides an opportunity to study environmental effects in a species that can not be easily studied on a short-term basis. The California and Canadian populations differ strikingly from Oregon populations of clouded salamanders and are described as a new species, Aneides vagrans.

scholarly journals Conservation Evaluation of Howell's Triteleia, Triteleia howellii, an Endangered Lily in Canada

2004 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. 174
Author(s):  
George W. Douglas ◽  
Jenifer L. Penny
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Introduced Species ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Range Limits ◽  
Quercus Garryana ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
General Biology ◽  
Conservation Evaluation

In Canada, Triteleia howellii is restricted to Quercus garryana stands and grass-dominated meadows on southeastern Vancouver Island in southwestern British Columbia. Nine sites have been confirmed in recent years while three other sites are considered extirpated. These Canadian sites represent the northern range limits of T. howellii. Threats to existing populations vary in intensity. Although most populations are protected to a certain extent from direct habitat destruction, introduced species pose a serious potential threat to the continued existence of most populations. Managing sites for T. howellii is difficult because little information is available regarding the general biology of this species.

The plainfin midshipman’s soundscape at two sites around Vancouver Island, British Columbia

2018 ◽  
Vol 603 ◽  
pp. 189-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
WD Halliday ◽  
MK Pine ◽  
APH Bose ◽  
S Balshine ◽  
F Juanes
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Vancouver Island

scholarly journals Mapping the environmental limitations to growth of coastal Douglas-fir stands on Vancouver Island, British Columbia

2007 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 805-815 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. C. Coops ◽  
S. B. Coggins ◽  
W. A. Kurz
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Douglas Fir

scholarly journals Insect Visitation to Wildflowers in the Endangered Garry Oak, Quercus garryana, Ecosystem of British Columbia

2005 ◽  
Vol 119 (2) ◽  
pp. 245 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Parachnowitsch ◽  
E. Elle
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Quercus Garryana ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Insect Visitation ◽  
Introduced Honeybee ◽  
Pollinating Insects ◽  
Basic Biology ◽  
Oak Ecosystem ◽  
Plant Pollinator

The Garry Oak Ecosystem (GOE) is a fragmented and endangered ecosystem in Canada, and is currently the focus of conservation and restoration efforts in British Columbia. However, little is known about the basic biology of GOE forbs, or their relationships with pollinating insects. We monitored wildflowers and their insect visitors in 25 quadrats within a 25 × 25 metre plot, located in a fragment of the GOE near Duncan, British Columbia, for six weeks (the majority of the flowering period). Overall, 21 native and non-native forb species flowered in our quadrats during the survey, and we observed an additional six forb species flowering outside of our quadrats. Eight forbs were visited within quadrats by a total of 13 insect taxa, identified to morphospecies. Visits by eight additional morphospecies were observed outside of the quadrats. In general, visitation was low; however, most insect morphospecies were observed visiting more than one plant species, and most plant species were visited by more than one insect morphospecies, suggesting that pollination may be generalised in this community. A Chi-squared analysis indicated that insect visitation was not proportional to the relative abundance of forbs, with higher than expected visitation to Common camas (Camassia quamash), and no observed visits to 11 species, most with very small (putatively unattractive) flowers. The most frequent insect visitor was the introduced Honeybee, Apis mellifera, followed by native mason bees (Osmia spp.) and mining bees (Andrena spp.). Our observations provide baseline data for future, detailed studies that should investigate the importance of plant-pollinator mutualisms for sustainability of populations and communities in this rare ecosystem.

Benthic assemblage variation among channel units in high-gradient streams on Vancouver Island, British Columbia

2005 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 478-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen L. Halwas ◽  
Michael Church ◽  
John S. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Benthic Assemblage ◽  
High Gradient

scholarly journals A rare genotype of Cryptococcus gattii caused the cryptococcosis outbreak on Vancouver Island (British Columbia, Canada)

2004 ◽  
Vol 101 (49) ◽  
pp. 17258-17263 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. E. Kidd ◽  
F. Hagen ◽  
R. L. Tscharke ◽  
M. Huynh ◽  
K. H. Bartlett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Cryptococcus Gattii
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