Biochemical and physiological studies on dormancy release in tree buds. III. Changes in endogenous growth substances and a possible mechanism of dormancy release in overwintering vegetative buds of Populus balsamifera

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 1483-1489 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. P. Bachelard ◽  
F. Wightman
Keyword(s):  
Endogenous Growth ◽  
Dormancy Release ◽  
Winter Dormancy ◽  
Populus Balsamifera ◽  
Growth Substances ◽  
Subsequent Growth ◽  
Vegetative Buds ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Physiology And Biochemistry ◽  
Physiological Studies

Variations in the amounts of auxins, gibberellins, and inhibitors in vegetative buds of Populus balsamifera L. with the passage from winter dormancy to the spring flush of growth were examined using bioassay techniques. The patterns of change found for gibberellins and inhibitors and for the ratios between them were similar to the patterns reported earlier (Bachelard and Wightman 1973, unpublished) in the physiology and biochemistry of the buds.These results, and others reported in the literature, suggest a possible mechanism of dormancy release and subsequent growth from the buds. This mechanism involves gibberellins, inhibitors, and cytokinins and focusses attention on the coordination of growth in the whole plant.

Biochemical and physiological studies on dormancy release in tree buds. I. Changes in degree of dormancy, respiratory capacity, and major cell constituents in overwintering vegetative buds of Populus balsamifera

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (12) ◽  
pp. 2315-2326 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. P. Bachelard ◽  
F. Wightman
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Bud Burst ◽  
Dormancy Release ◽  
Populus Balsamifera ◽  
Respiratory Capacity ◽  
Vegetative Buds ◽  
Protein Amino Acids ◽  
Wall Materials ◽  
Cell Wall Materials

Changes in the degree of dormancy, rate of growth, respiratory capacity, and in the amounts of several major cell constituents (sugars, protein, amino acids, cell wall materials, starch, and chlorophyll) were examined in vegetative buds of Populus balsamifera L. as they developed from midwinter dormancy to the spring flush of growth in 1972. A significant decrease in the dormancy status of buds occurred during the period March 17 to April 3, and this was accompanied by an increased level of catabolic metabolism of carbohydrates and protein. A further change to anabolic metabolism at the end of April, nearly 2 weeks before bud burst, resulted in a net synthesis of cellular constituents in preparation for bud burst.

Seasonal studies of vegetative buds of Helianthus tuberosus: concentration of nuclei in phase G1 during winter dormancy

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (10) ◽  
pp. 1918-1927 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Tepfer ◽  
Arlette Nougarède ◽  
Pierre Rondet
Keyword(s):  
Mitotic Activity ◽  
Mitotic Index ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Central Zone ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Helianthus Tuberosus ◽  
Winter Dormancy ◽  
Feulgen Staining ◽  
Vegetative Buds ◽  
Terminal Buds

The following vegetative buds were studied at several developmental stages during the course of the year: from November through February dormant terminal buds of subterranean tubers; in March, newly reactivated buds of young shoots; in June, terminal buds of horizontal underground stolons that will form tubers; and in July, the terminal buds of erect aerial shoots. Microdensitometric studies of DNA levels after Feulgen staining showed that during the winter period of dormancy, from November through February, the temporary arrest of growth and morphogenesis is accompanied by a concentration of nuclei in phase G1 (2C level) of a diploid cycle for all nuclei in the terminal meristems of the tubers. In March, reactivation occurs uniformly throughout the meristem without any zonal differences. The G1 phase remains predominant in the cycle and mitotic activity increases uniformly. In the meristems of young underground stolons, beginning in the month of June, signs of concentration at the 2C level again are perceptible. The nuclei of the apical meristems of erect shoots are also diploid at 2C and 4C. In the very large nuclei in the central zone of the tunica where the mitotic index is very low, the distribution of DNA levels shows that nuclei are present at all phases of the cycle. These results are discussed and compared with other species in temporary dormancy and in regard to the concept of nonpolysomatic species.

Endogenous Growth Substances in Normal and Dwarf Mutants of Cortland and Golden Delicious Apple Shoots

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. K. JINDAL ◽  
S. DALBRO ◽  
A. SKYTT ANDERSEN ◽  
LEIF POLL
Keyword(s):  
Endogenous Growth ◽  
Growth Substances ◽  
Golden Delicious

scholarly journals Changes in Endogenous Growth Substances during Flower Development.

1959 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Harada ◽  
J. P. Nitsch
Keyword(s):  
Endogenous Growth ◽  
Flower Development ◽  
Growth Substances

scholarly journals Producing Double-stemmed Tomato Seedlings by Cutting Propagation, Pinching, and Plant Bioregulators Application

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 758C-758
Author(s):  
Ki-Yun Jung* ◽  
Bong-Hwa Kang ◽  
Yu-Jin Park ◽  
Jung-Myung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Axillary Shoot ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
Subsequent Growth ◽  
Axillary Shoots ◽  
Tomato Seedlings ◽  
Cotyledonary Nodes ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Plug Seedling ◽  
Soil Mix ◽  
Lower Stem

Double-stemmed seedlings (DSS) will be favored by the growers because they can save the expense needed to purchase commercial seedlings. This is also true with grafted tomatoes since the price of grafted tomato seedlings is about 2 times higher than non-grafted ones. The plug seedling growers will also benefit from the increased demand for DSS if the production cost for DSS can be maintained at appropriate level. Two stem cuttings having two expanded leaves were taken from a seedling when the seedling had four expanded leaves and rooted in 32-cell trays filled with commercial soil mix. Lower stem cuttings having first and second leaves produced well-balanced DSS even without any plant bioregulator treatment whereas up upper stem cuttings having third and fourth leaves resulted in single-stem seedlings with very limited outgrowth of axillary shoot from the third node. DSS can be obtained from the decapitated seedling stump by outgrowth of axillary shoots from the cotyledonary nodes, but the quality and uniformity were inferior to other seedlings. Pinching off the tips of seedlings thus leaving three expanded leaves per seedling and application of plant bioregulators to the decapitated seedlings were also effective for producing DDS. Application of thidiazuron (TDZ) in lanolin paste to the second node was most effective even though whole plant spray with TDZ or BA was also partially effective. Subsequent growth characteristics of these seedlings will be further discussed.

scholarly journals Attempts to induce haploids in anther cultures of sugar, fodder and wild species of beet

2014 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janina Rogozińska ◽  
Maria Gośka
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Anther Culture ◽  
Wild Species ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Nutrient Starvation ◽  
Growth Substances ◽  
Vegetative Buds ◽  
Lower Ability ◽  
Anther Cultures

In the present investigation, aimed at obtaining beet haploids from anthers, the effect of mineral media, potato and sugar beet extract and p-fluorophenylalanine (PFP) in combination with growth substances was tested. Nutrient-starved plants as anther-donors, anther-starvation, cold treatment and photoperiod were also analysed. On all mineral media the anthers produced callus and roots; however, the percentage depended on the combination of growth substances used. The best medium for differentiation was that of Linsmaier and Skoog with 25 µM zeatin or 6-(3-methyl-2-butenylamino)purine with 5 µM naphthalene-l-acetic acid (25.5%). The addition of PFP caused an increase in the percentage of anther differentiation (41.6%). Besides callus and roots on one of the anthers (in ca. 140000 tested), vegetative buds were formed from which numerous plants were obtained (2n). Plant and anther nutrient starvation did not improve the anther response to differentiation, nor did it induce haploid development, similarly as cold treatment of inflorescences or isolated anthers. The anthers of wild species showed lower ability to differentiate than those of sugar or fodder beets. Cytological analyses showed formation of multicellular structures until ca. the 12-th day of anther culture; afterwards, they degenerated.

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