The effectiveness of agrotextile cover with organic photoluminophore in rooting cuttings of Hungarian lilac (Syringa josikaea J. Jacq. ex Rchb.)

The effectiveness of the use of a light-transforming shelter of vegetation structures consisting of a polypropylene spunbond with an organic photoluminophore integrated into its structure during the rooting of physiologically active stem cuttings of Hungarian lilac was studied. The object of the study was reproductively mature Hungarian lilac plants located in the arboretum of the Nizhny Novgorod State Agricultural Academy with geographical coordinates 56°14'32.7” N 43°57'20.7”E. The unequal reaction of the tested samples of Hungarian lilac to the use of luminophore in the shelters of vegetation structures during the rooting of cuttings was established, which manifested itself in all characteristics of regeneration processes. High rates of callus formation were in the shelter variants with a higher concentration of luminophore: 73.16 ± 5.95% and 65.25± 4.80%. Lower than in other shelters, the result was recorded in the variant with the lowest luminophore density: 47.00 ± 3.62%.

Producing Black Pepper (Piper Nigrum L. cv. ‘Kuching’) Rootstock in a Deep-Water Culture Hydroponic System

Stem cutting is the common planting material for black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) farmers mainly because the method is cheap, easy to obtain, and produces satisfactory number of new plantlets, which are relatively genetically uniform to their parent. However, soil propagation of stem cuttings renders both the stem and developing roots susceptible to soil borne pathogens, ultimately compromising the quality of the plant. Good quality rootstock of the new plant promotes faster, safer, and better black pepper plant establishment. Hydroponic farming thus offers a good platform for producing quality rootstock of the new plants and has gained importance to many farmers due to its flexibility in manipulating plant growth conditions and timely pathogen management, thus safer, healthier, and faster growth. This study investigated the growing media suitable for rootstock growth of P. nigrum L. cv. ‘Kuching’ and compared the rooting ability between stem cuttings with adventitious roots at the time of planting and stem cuttings without any root at the time of planting. In a laboratory setting, a total of 210 stem cuttings were hydroponically planted in seven nutrient compositions, with each nutrient composition containing an equal number of stem cuttings with adventitious roots at the time of planting and stem cuttings without any root at the time of planting. Hoagland solution supplemented with 0.005 mM potassium silicate solution (T4) and Hoagland solution supplemented with 2 mM salicylic acid solution (T6) showed faster root initiation whereas T1 (Hoagland solution only) produced the highest increment in root length followed by T6. The least suitable nutrient composition was T5 [T4 + 6 mL of 1 M Ca (NO3)2.4H2O solution]. The total number of roots was highest in plants from stem cuttings which had some adventitious roots at the time of planting, whereas roots in plants from stem cuttings which did not have any root at the time of planting, increased in root length faster than plants withstem cuttings which had adventitious roots at the time of planting.

The Pivotal Role of Phenological Stage Enhanced by Plant Origin Preparations in the Process of Rhizogenesis of Rosa ‘Hurdal’ Stem Cuttings

Some biostimulants, including plant origin preparations, act similarly to plant hormones. Moreover, the supplementation of known and unknown rooting cofactors can stimulate rhizogenesis in cuttings. The aim of this research was to assess the response of difficult-to-root and long-rooting stem cuttings of the once-blooming old variety Rosa ‘Hurdal’ to preparations of plant origin. The hypothesis was that plant origin preparations could enhance rooting processes by inhibiting chlorophyll a/b degradation in leaves and postponing leaf senescence, simultaneously increasing the quality of cuttings. The one-bud stem cuttings were made in four phenological stages: (H1) flower buds closed, (H2) open flowers, (H3) just after petal fall, (H4) 7-14 days after petal shedding. They were treated with either standard commercial powder preparations containing 0.4% indolebutyric acid (IBA) or 0.2% naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) as well as with commercial plant origin preparations that this work will henceforth refer to as: Algae Extract, Organic Preparation, and Plant Extract. The cuttings were evaluated after 12 weeks of rooting them in two substrates: peat-perlite and peat-sand (v:v; 1:1). Mean root percentages for both substrates were noted after preparation from stage H1 (74.5 %), H2 (59.5 %), H3 (50.8 %) shoots. The H4 cuttings didn’t root at all and were not considered further. The means for all phenology stages together were the highest by the use of 0.6 % Algae Extract, 0.012 % and 0.02 % Organic Preparation, 0.2 % and 0.4 % Plant Extract. The lowest means were reported for the control cuttings as well as NAA and IBA treatment. Plant origin preparations encouraged growth parameters but did not unequivocally inhibit the decrease of chlorophyll content in the cuttings’ leaves. Rooting percentage depended on the quality of cuttings as well as chlorophyll a/b and soluble protein content in leaves in both rooting substrates.

Salinity stress affects growth and physiology of mulberry (Morus sp.)

Mulberry (Morus sp.) plant is used to feed silkworms, and the leaves contain compounds with medicinal properties of secondary metabolites. However, the content of these compounds tends to increase under stress conditions, for instance, salt stress. This study, therefore, aimed to determine the accessions of mulberry with tolerance for salt stress. The stem cuttings of seven accessions from 5 regions, Bogor, Pati, Situbondo, Bali, and Gowa, were planted following a factorial randomized block design with 3 replications. Subsequently, the first factor using the accessions, and the second factor using NaCl solution (0.0%, 0.2%, 0.3%, and 0.4% concentrations) were performed. The variables observed were growth (leaves number, plant height, and shoots number), photosynthesis rate, total chlorophyll, and proline content. The results showed that the M6 accession exhibited tolerance under high salt stress, based on the leaves number, plant height, shoot number, photosynthesis rate, and proline content. Furthermore, an increase in salt concentration was discovered to cause a decrease in growth, photosynthesis rate, and total chlorophyll content. Also, proline accumulation stimulated by high salt stress possibly plays an important role in salinity tolerance.

Molecular Authentication, Phytochemical Evaluation and Asexual Propagation of Wild-Growing Rosa canina L. (Rosaceae) Genotypes of Northern Greece for Sustainable Exploitation

Dogroses belong to a taxonomically difficult genus and family and represent important phytogenetic resources associated with high ornamental, pharmaceutical-cosmetic and nutritional values, thus suggesting a potentially high exploitation merit. Triggered by these prospects, wild-growing Rosa canina populations of Greece were selected for investigation and evaluation of their potential for integrated domestication. We collected ripe rosehips from Greek native wild-growing populations (samples from seven genotypes) for phytochemical analysis (total phenolics, total flavonoids, antioxidant activity and vitamin C content), leaf samples for DNA analysis using the ITS2 sequence (nine genotypes) and fresh soft-wood stem cuttings for propagation trials (seven genotypes). After evaluation of these materials, this study reports for the first-time distinct DNA-fingerprinted genotypes from Greece with interesting phytochemical profiles mainly in terms of Vitamic C content (up to 500.22 ± 0.15 mg of ascorbic acid equivalents/100 g of sample) as well as effective asexual propagation protocols for prioritized R. canina genotypes via cuttings. The latter highlights the importance of the levels of external hormone application (2000 ppm of indole-3-butyric acid), the effect of season (highly-effective spring trials) and genotype-specific differences in rooting capacities of the studied genotypes. All inclusive, this study offers new artificially selected material of Greek native R. canina with a consolidated identity and interesting phytochemical profile. These materials are currently under ex-situ conservation for further evaluation and characterization in pilot field studies, thus facilitating its sustainable exploitation for applications in the agro-alimentary, medicinal-cosmetic, and ornamental sectors.

ROOT INDUCTION OF PATCHOULI PLANT STEM CUTTINGS USING IBA GROWTH REGULATOR ON SEVERAL PLANT MEDIA

Patchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) plant is one of the essential oil producing plants, that is useful in the chemical industry as a raw material for fragrance products and in the pharmaceutical field. The success rate of patchouli early growth, is largely determined by the cultivation techniques used, including the use of growth regulators, and growing media. This study aims to determine the effect of IBA growth regulators and the composition of plant media on the growth of patchouli plants. This research is carried out in the Greenhouse of the Forestry Study Program of the University of Mataram, using a Factorial Completely Randomized Design (RALF), the first factor is IBA growth regulator with 3 levels, namely 0, 20, 25 ppm and the second factor is composition of plant media with 3 levels, namely forest soil media, soil media:sand:compost (1:1:1), and soil media:sand:compost (2:1:3). The results show that the effect of IBA significantly affect the success percentage of cuttings and the number of roots of patchouli plants. The effect of plant media composition and the interaction between treatment of IBA with plant media composition did not have a significant effect on the growth parameters of patchouli plants.

To Study the Effect of Auxin Concentrations (IBA and IAA) on Growth Performance of Stem Cutting of Hardwickia binata (Roxb.)

The present studies on “Effect of Plant Growth Regulators on Growth Performance of Stem Cutting of Hardwickia binata Roxb” was carried out in the mist chamber of Institute of Forest Biodiversity, Dulapally, Kompally, Hyderabad, during January- April, 2021. The cuttings of Hardwickia binata Roxb were prepared from selected superior phenotypes from the surrounding environments of Kompally, Hyderabad. Hardwickia binata Roxb. is difficult to root and need auxin treatment and controlled environment to successful survival and rooting. The cuttings were treated with 0, 200, 500,1000, 1500, 2000 mg/l concentrations of IBA and IAA and planted in poly bags under mist chamber. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design. Analysis of variance was worked out to assess the variation in Hardwickia binata Roxb. for eight characters. Treatment with IBA at 2000mg was found to be the best treatment as it achieved maximum in survival percentage (52.64%), shoot length (31.92cm), rooting percentage (81.69%), number of roots per cutting (20.44) and root biomass (6.32g) followed by treatment with IAA at 2000mg/l (T10) achieved maximum. The performance increased with an increase in concentrations of both IBA and IAA. Among the two auxins treatments, IBA was found to be most effective, showed significantly higher values compared to IAA. It is possible to successfully multiply the Hardwickia binata Roxb. cuttings by treating with 2000 mg/l of IBA under controlled phyto-environmental condition. The study evolved an easy and efficient protocol for vegetative propagation of HardwickiabinataRoxb.via stem cuttings to establish clonal forestry.

Medicinal plant domestication of kayu ules (Helicteres isora Linn.) through stem cuttings: An additional prospective livelihood for the farmer at Bosen Village, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia

Kayu ules (Helicteres isora) or screw tree has bioactive compounds benefiting for anti-diabetes, antioxidant and antibacterial. In Indonesia, the fruits have been commercially harnessed for traditional medicine. The benefit of kayu ules has attracted some farmers to evolve this species in their garden, however, the domestication technique has not mastered well yet. Therefore, this study aimed to domesticate kayu ules under a home garden (HG) and analyze the feasibility of cultivating kayu ules through stem cuttings. Kayu ules development underwent two split HG’s: tree shade (HG1) and open area (HG2). Other nursery performances at each home garden were made with no shade (N1), with shading net (N2) and a coco-leaf shade (N3). The result showed that within 60 days on HG1, the best survival was on N2 with 76% of survival and declined on N1 at 30%. Conversely, under HG2, N1 gave the best survival compared to N2, 81% and 46% each. Meanwhile, N3 was in between N1 and N2 on HG1 (56%) and HG2 (58%). The shading treatments, which allowed 20 to 40 % sunlight to pass through, effectively increased the survival of stem cuttings. According to an online market platform at the highest price, nursery N1 delivered the highest IRR at 106% and the second was on N3, followed by N2, which were 104% and 85%, respectively.