scholarly journals The European S and F intersterility groups of Heterobasidion annosum may represent sympatric protospecies

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Garbelotto ◽  
William J Otrosina ◽  
Fields W Cobb ◽  
Thomas D Bruns
Keyword(s):  
Host Specificity ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Pcr Primers ◽  
Eastern Alps ◽  
Heterobasidion Annosum ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Close Relative ◽  
Restricted Gene Flow ◽  
Length Polymorphisms ◽  
Intersterility Groups

In those regions of Europe where they coexist, the F and S intersterility groups (ISGs) of Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref. are primarily found on Abies spp. and Picea abies (L.) Karst., respectively. Eighty-three isolates of H. annosum were collected from Abies alba Mill. from 19 sites in Italy, including 10 Abies-Picea mixed conifer stands in the eastern Alps. The ISGs of a subsample of 34 isolates were determined by ISG-diagnostic arbitrary-primed (AP) PCR primers. For a subsample of 16 isolates, including two S isolates from Norway and one S isolate from California, nuclear markers generated by AP-PCR analysis, and mitochondrial markers generated by restriction fragment length polymorphisms and sequencing of the ML5-ML6 region of the mitochondrial large ribosomal RNA gene indicated that, in Europe, (i) the F and S ISGs can be found in the same forest stand but they are two genetically distinct units with restricted gene flow between them; (ii) each of the two ISGs is monophyletic and may lack strong genetic substructuring in subpopulations; and (iii) the two ISGs are closely related to each other and their nearest common close relative is the allopatric S ISG from North America. By combining these results with paleobotanical information and results from previous studies, we postulate a recent sympatric divergence of these two groups driven by differential host specificity and mating barriers.Key words: species complex, protospecies, sympatric, mating barriers, host specificity.

Relative abundance and potential dispersal range of intersterility groups of Heterobasidion annosum in pure and mixed forests

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (9) ◽  
pp. 1057-1065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Gonthier ◽  
Matteo Garbelotto ◽  
Giovanna Cristina Varese ◽  
Giovanni Nicolotti
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Host Specificity ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Heterobasidion Annosum ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Airborne Spores ◽  
Forest Pathogen ◽  
Limited Gene Flow ◽  
Intersterility Groups

In Europe the forest pathogen Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref. includes the S, P, and F intersterility groups (ISGs), each displaying a preferential specialization on Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.), pine, and silver fir (Abies alba Mill.), respectively. In this paper, we present data about (i) H. annosum ISGs frequency in different forest types, (ii) the degree of host specificity of each ISG, (iii) the significance of the potential movement of airborne spores among forests, and (iv) the occurrence of S–P chimeras in the northwestern Alps. Using woody spore traps, we sampled natural pure spruce and fir forests and a mixed spruce-fir forest. The ISG of 582 spores was determined by ISG-diagnostic taxon-specific competitive priming (TSCP) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) combined with PCR-mediated detection of ISG-specific introns in the ML5–ML6 DNA region of the mitochondrial large ribosomal RNA (mt LrRNA). All three ISGs were found, and a strong correlation was observed between the F ISG and fir and the S ISG and spruce. In the mixed forest, no clear relationship between tree host species and host-specialized ISGs was found. In spite of a relative dominance of fir in the overstory of the mixed stand, the fir-associated F ISG represented only 11% of the total number of spores collected. This discrepancy was explained by the recent establishment of firs at this site. No S–P nuclear-mitochondrial chimeras were found. This suggests limited gene flow between these ISGs.Key words: Heterobasidion annosum, host specificity, ISGs, gene flow, PCR, Alps.

Differentiation of intersterility groups and geographic provenances among isolates of Heterobasidion annosum detected by random amplified polymorphic DNA assays

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 565-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Garbelotto ◽  
Thomas D. Bruns ◽  
Fields W. Cobb ◽  
William J. Otrosina
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Heterobasidion Annosum ◽  
Isozyme Electrophoresis ◽  
Length Polymorphisms ◽  
Dna Assays ◽  
Herbarium Collection ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Successful Amplification ◽  
Intersterility Groups

Random amplified polymorphic DNAs were correlated with the intersterility group and the geographic provenance of 36 isolates of Heterobasidion annosum from North America and Europe and of one herbarium collection of basidiocarps from California. This technique is very precise and yields higher resolution than previous studies implementing techniques such as isozyme electrophoresis and restriction fragment length polymorphisms. Random amplified polymorphic DNAs revealed differentiation among the following geographic groups and intersterility groups: western North American P, eastern North American P, European P, North American S, Scandinavian S, Italian S, and Italian F. This is the first report on differentiation between eastern and western North American P isolates as well as between northern and southern European S isolates. Successful amplification of one dry basidiocarp suggests that random amplified polymorphic DNAs may be used to improve epidemiological and population studies of this pathogen. Key words: species complex, genetic variability, strain typing, forest pathology, polymerase chain reaction.

scholarly journals Preliminary report on distribution of Heterobasidion annosum intersterility groups in Poland

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Łakomy ◽  
Tadeusz Kowalski ◽  
Antoni Werner
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Quercus Rubra ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Pinus Strobus ◽  
Prunus Serotina ◽  
Heterobasidion Annosum ◽  
Intersterility Groups

The study material consists of 165 <i>H. annosum</i> isolates from 25 different localities. Host species was <i>Pinus sylvestris, Picea abies, Betula pendula, Abies alba, Lnrix decidua, Pinus strobus, Prunus serotina, Quercus rubra</i>. Most of the <i>H. annosum</i> isolates belonged to the P group. This group was most common on pine and birch. The S group infected Norway spruce and European fir. The F group was recorded only in the south of Poland. Only three localities, where this intersterility group was present, were found in Poland.

Intersterility groups of Heterobasidion annosum in some spruce and pine stands in Byelorussia, Lithuania and Estonia

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 384-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Korhonen ◽  
I. Bobko ◽  
S. Hanso ◽  
T. Piri ◽  
A. Vasiliauskas
Keyword(s):  
Heterobasidion Annosum ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Intersterility Groups

Population structure of Heterobasidion annosum from North America and Europe

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (8) ◽  
pp. 1064-1071 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Otrosina ◽  
Thomas E. Chase ◽  
Fields W. Cobb Jr. ◽  
Kari Korhonen
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Heterobasidion Annosum ◽  
Evolutionary Relationships ◽  
The North ◽  
Isozyme Loci ◽  
Intersterility Groups ◽  
European Populations

Isolates of Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref. representing North American S and P and European S, P, and F intersterility groups were subjected to isozyme analysis. European S, P, and F groups had more variability than the North American S and P groups in expected hterozygosity, number of alleles per locus, and percent polymorphic loci. In contrast with the North American S and P groups, the European intersterility groups could not be distinguished from each other on the basis of individual isozyme loci, although significant differences in allele frequencies exist between European S and P groups. This suggests that evolution proceeded at different rates in the intersterility groups, or intersterility barriers appeared later in the European populations relative to the North American populations of H. annosum. Changes in climate and host species associations during the Tertiary may have been a major factor in evolution of H. annosum intersterility groups. Key words: allozymes, forest tree hosts, playnological events, evolutionary relationships, Hymenomycetes, root disease.

Combined fatty acid and sterol profiles of Heterobasidion annosum intersterility groups S, P and F

1995 ◽  
Vol 99 (9) ◽  
pp. 1025-1033 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.M. Müller ◽  
R. Kantola ◽  
K. Korhonen ◽  
J. Uotila
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Heterobasidion Annosum ◽  
Intersterility Groups

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of Legionella Populations Present within Slow Sand Filters Used for Fungal Plant Pathogen Suppression in Horticultural Crops

2003 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 533-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leo A. Calvo-Bado ◽  
J. Alun W. Morgan ◽  
Martin Sergeant ◽  
Tim R. Pettitt ◽  
John M. Whipps
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Quantitative Pcr ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pcr Primers ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Sand Column ◽  
Dominant Band ◽  
Pcr Products

ABSTRACT The total bacterial community of an experimental slow sand filter (SSF) was analyzed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of partial 16S rRNA gene PCR products. One dominant band had sequence homology to Legionella species, indicating that these bacteria were a large component of the SSF bacterial community. Populations within experimental and commercial SSF units were studied by using Legionella-specific PCR primers, and products were studied by DGGE and quantitative PCR analyses. In the experimental SSF unit, the DGGE profiles for sand column, reservoir, storage tank, and headwater tank samples each contained at least one intense band, indicating that a single Legionella strain was predominant in each sample. Greater numbers of DGGE bands of equal intensity were detected in the outflow water sample. Sequence analysis of these PCR products showed that several Legionella species were present and that the organisms exhibited similarity to strains isolated from environmental and clinical samples. Quantitative PCR analysis of the SSF samples showed that from the headwater sample through the sand column, the number of Legionella cells decreased, resulting in a lower number of cells in the outflow water. In the commercial SSF, legionellae were also detected in the sand column samples. Storing prefilter water or locating SSF units within greenhouses, which are often maintained at temperatures that are higher than the ambient temperature, increases the risk of growth of Legionella and should be avoided. Care should also be taken when used filter sand is handled or replaced, and regular monitoring of outflow water would be useful, especially if the water is used for misting or overhead irrigation.

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