Paralytic Shellfish Poison and Melanin Distribution in Fractions of Toxic Butter Clam (Saxidomus giganteus) Siphon

1972 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 1657-1658 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Price ◽  
J. S. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Binding Agent ◽  
Paralytic Shellfish Poison ◽  
Paralytic Shellfish ◽  
Saxidomus Giganteus

Frozen toxic butter clam (Saxidomus giganteus) siphons were fractionated and each fraction was bioassayed for paralytic shellfish poison (PSP) and chemically analyzed for melanin. Sonication removed over 50% of the melanin from the siphons and this fraction contained nearly 50% of the PSP initially present in the siphons. The data presented further implicate melanin as a PSP binding agent in vivo.

Effect of Cations on the Interaction Between Paralytic Shellfish Poison and Butter Clam (Saxidomus giganteus) Melanin

1972 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 1659-1661 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Price ◽  
J. S. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Salt Solutions ◽  
Paralytic Shellfish Poison ◽  
Paralytic Shellfish ◽  
Saxidomus Giganteus

The interaction between paralytic shellfish poison (PSP) and butter clam (Saxidomus giganteus) melanin was strongly influenced by the presence of cations. The amount of PSP bound by the melanin decreased by 68% in the presence of Al+++, 62 and 57%, respectively, with Ca++ and Ba++, and 17 and 15% with Na+ and K+. Salt solutions containing 0.01-M Al+++, Mg++, Ca++, Ba++, Na+, or K+ induced the desorption of PSP bound to melanin by 54, 34, 28, 19, 11, and 4%, respectively. These results confirm our earlier conclusion that the PSP–melanin interaction is reversible and electrostatic in nature.

Interaction Between Paralytic Shellfish Poison and Melanin Obtained from Butter Clam (Saxidomus giganteus) and Synthetic Melanin

1971 ◽  
Vol 28 (11) ◽  
pp. 1789-1792 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Price ◽  
J. S. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchanger ◽  
Close Relation ◽  
Anatomical Distribution ◽  
Paralytic Shellfish Poison ◽  
Paralytic Shellfish ◽  
Saxidomus Giganteus

The interaction between paralytic shellfish poison (PSP) and melanin from butter clam (Saxidomus giganteus) and synthetic melanin followed a pattern similar to that reported between PSP and a cation exchanger. The close relation between the anatomical distribution of melanin in butter clams and the distribution of PSP in toxic butter clams suggests that melanin may play an important role in the retention of PSP by these clams.

Thermal Degradation of Paralytic Shellfish Poison

1991 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 1572-1575 ◽  
Author(s):  
YUJI NAGASHIMA ◽  
TAMAO NOGUCHI ◽  
MUNEHIKO TANAKA ◽  
KANEHISA HASHIMOTO
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Degradation ◽  
Paralytic Shellfish Poison ◽  
Paralytic Shellfish

Acute toxicity of paralytic shellfish poison in rats of different ages

1966 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 286-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
James S. Watts ◽  
J. Reilly ◽  
F.M. DaCosta ◽  
S. Krop
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Paralytic Shellfish Poison ◽  
Paralytic Shellfish ◽  
Different Ages

MARINE STEROLS: IX. BIOSYNTHESIS OF 24-METHYLENECHOLESTEROL IN CLAMS

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (9) ◽  
pp. 1347-1355 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. H. M. Fagerlund ◽  
D. R. Idler
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Gland ◽  
Saxidomus Giganteus

Clams (Saxidomus giganteus) are able to transform injected cholesterol-4-C14 into radioactive 24-methylenecholesterol in vivo. The highest rate of conversion was observed when the radioactive sterol was injected into the digestive gland. The findings suggest a possible pathway in the biosynthesis of C28-sterols and throw some light on the question of the origin of C28-sterols in lamellibranchs.

scholarly journals Prevalence of paralytic shellfish poison-producing Planktothrix agardhii and Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii in a Brazilian semi-arid reservoir

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismael Keslley Carloto Lopes ◽  
Mario Ubirajara Gonçalves Barros ◽  
Carlos João Pestana ◽  
José Capelo Neto
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Drinking Water Supply ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Cylindrospermopsis Raciborskii ◽  
Planktothrix Agardhii ◽  
Paralytic Shellfish Poison ◽  
Paralytic Shellfish ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Semi Arid

Aim: The present study aimed to investigate the composition and toxicity of the phytoplankton in Sítios Novos reservoir, used mainly as drinking water supply for approximately 30,000 people.MethodsSamples were collected between January 2010 and June 2011.ResultsDuring this period 19 taxa of cyanobacteria and 22 of algae were identified. Out of 45 samples collected, algae accounted for no more than 10% of the quantified organisms in 44 samples. Cyanobacteria accounted for 100% of the organisms quantified in three samples and for 99% in other 29 samples. Among the cyanobacteria group, Planktothrix agardhii (Gomont) Anagnostidis & Komárek and Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii (Woloszynska) Seenaya & Subbaraju prevailed and both strains were isolated and identified as paralytic shellfish poison (PSP) producers. C. raciborskii strain has shown to produce SXT and dcSXT while P. agardhii strain has shown to produce dcGTX2 or 3.ConclusionsTo the author’s knowledge, this is the first report of PSP-producer cyanobacteria species isolated in Northeastern Brazil and the first reported of a P. agardhii synthesizing dcGTX2/3.

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