First Record of Bacterial Kidney Disease in an Apparently Wild Salmonid in British Columbia

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
pp. 1578-1580 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. P. T. Evelyn ◽  
G. E. Hoskins ◽  
G. R. Bell
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
First Record ◽  
Wild Fish ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Bacterial Kidney Disease ◽  
Causative Bacterium

A confirmed case of bacterial kidney disease in a sports-caught rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) from Loon Lake, British Columbia, is reported. The case represents the first record of this disease in an apparently wild fish in this province. Descriptions of the affected trout and of the causative bacterium are provided.

Transmission of Bacterial Kidney Disease from Wild to Stocked Hatchery Trout

1981 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 547-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas L. Mitchum ◽  
Loris E. Sherman
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Brown Trout ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Horizontal Transmission ◽  
Wild Fish ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Bacterial Kidney Disease

Natural, horizontal transmission of bacterial kidney disease (BKD) from infected wild brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) to newly stocked hatchery brook trout, brown trout (Salmo trutta), and rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) was shown in a small lake and stream system in southeastern Wyoming, USA. Stocked trout were infected naturally and died in 9 mo or less after exposure to infected wild fish. Dead and live fish collected from each of three stations were necropsied. Fluorescent antibody techniques (FAT) were used to detect the BKD organism in all samples. Low severity infections were often detected by FAT at a higher rate when feces were examined as compared to kidney tissues from the same fish. Because other known pathogens were essentially absent, BKD was diagnosed as the cause of all deaths in both stocked hatchery fish and wild fish. Rainbow trout were found to be the most refractory species.Key words: bacterial kidney disease, natural disease transmission, wild trout, brook trout, brown trout, rainbow trout, epizootics

Bacterial Kidney Disease in Feral Populations of Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), Brown Trout (Salmo trutta), and Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri)

1979 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 1370-1376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas L. Mitchum ◽  
Loris E. Sherman ◽  
George T. Baxter
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Brown Trout ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Bacterial Kidney Disease ◽  
Live Fish ◽  
Brown Trout Salmo Trutta

Incidence and effects of bacterial kidney disease (BKD) were determined in wild, naturally reproducing populations of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), brown trout (Salmo trutta), and rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) in a small lake and stream system in southeastern Wyoming, USA where BKD epizootics have been observed since 1972. During 1976, dead fish were collected at three upstream stations, and 60 live fish were collected from each of 11 stations. All fish were necropsied, and virological, bacteriological, and parasitological examinations were conducted by standard methods. An indirect fluorescent antibody technique was used to detect the BKD organism in cultures and kidney tissue smears. Bacterial kidney disease was diagnosed in 100% of the dead brook trout collected. Incidence among live fish ranged from 83% at an upstream station to only 3% at the most downstream location, and was highest in brook trout and lowest in rainbow trout. Two longnose suckers (Catostomus catostomus), the only non-salmonids collected, were found negative for BKD. Clinical signs of infection and the most severe infections were found only in brook trout. Five age-classes of feral brook trout were involved in the epizootics. Since other known pathogens were essentially absent, it is believed that all deaths were due to BKD. Relationships between species susceptibility to BKD, age-classes, water chemistry and water temperatures, and certain ecological conditions are discussed. Key words: bacterial kidney disease, feral trout, epizootics, brook trout, brown trout, rainbow trout

Effect of Stocking Density on the Survival, Growth, and Dispersal of Steelhead Trout Fry (Salmo gairdneri)

1987 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy M. B. Hume ◽  
Eric A. Parkinson
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Overall Survival ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Wild Fish ◽  
Density Effect ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Steelhead Trout ◽  
Density Dependent ◽  
Coastal British Columbia

In a coastal British Columbia stream a stocking density of between 0.3 and 0.7 fry/m2 maximized the production of steelhead trout (Salmo gairdneri) parr and smolts. A severe autumn flood doubled the mortality rates of fry stocked at densities of 0.7 fry/m2 or higher but had little effect on fry stocked at lower densities (<0.15 fry/m2). Overall survival to smolts appeared to be lower than measured elsewhere for wild fish (2 vs. 4.5 – 18%). The proportion (<10%) of surviving fry found below the stocked sections was considered to be an indicator of potential displacement mortality in streams with no vacant downstream areas. This downstream dispersal was not density dependent and was small in comparison with the mortality of nondispersing fish. Although initial fry and parr sizes were density dependent, there was no detectable density effect on older parr or smolt sizes.

Nest digging behavior of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri)

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 1458-1462 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. F. Hartman
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Wild Population ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Tactile Stimuli ◽  
Digging Behavior ◽  
Nest Digging

A wild population of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) was observed during spawning in the Lardeau River in southeastern British Columbia, in April and May in 1966 and 1967. Nest digging in the first few days of spawning in 1967 was predominantly nocturnal, but diurnal nest digging increased until activity was nearly steady around the clock.Rate of digging (digging bouts per 10-min interval) averaged near five before spawning, rose sharply immediately after spawning, and then decreased. The number of body flexures per bout of digging was near six before spawning, decreased sharply right after spawning, and then rose progressively over a 50-min period. Touching or feeling the bottom of the nest was frequent before spawning and decreased after. The effect of internal stimuli (egg release) and tactile stimuli on digging behavior is considered.

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