antimicrobial compounds
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Antibiotics ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Alexander Lammers ◽  
Michael Lalk ◽  
Paolina Garbeva

We are currently facing an antimicrobial resistance crisis, which means that a lot of bacterial pathogens have developed resistance to common antibiotics. Hence, novel and innovative solutions are urgently needed to combat resistant human pathogens. A new source of antimicrobial compounds could be bacterial volatiles. Volatiles are ubiquitous produced, chemically divers and playing essential roles in intra- and interspecies interactions like communication and antimicrobial defense. In the last years, an increasing number of studies showed bioactivities of bacterial volatiles, including antibacterial, antifungal and anti-oomycete activities, indicating bacterial volatiles as an exciting source for novel antimicrobial compounds. In this review we introduce the chemical diversity of bacterial volatiles, their antimicrobial activities and methods for testing this activity. Concluding, we discuss the possibility of using antimicrobial volatiles to antagonize the antimicrobial resistance crisis.


Author(s):  
Adrien Biessy ◽  
Marie Ciotola ◽  
Mélanie Cadieux ◽  
Daphné Albert ◽  
Martin Filion

Numerous bacterial strains from the Burkholderia cepacia complex display biocontrol activity. Here, we report the complete genome sequences of five Burkholderia strains isolated from soil. Biosynthetic gene clusters responsible for the production of antimicrobial compounds were found in the genome of these strains, which display biocontrol activity against various lettuce pathogens.


Parasitologia ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-26
Author(s):  
Christian K. Meiser ◽  
Jennifer K. Pausch ◽  
Günter A. Schaub

Intestinal homeostasis mechanisms of the haematophagous triatomines regulate the development of mutualistic symbionts and other gut bacteria. Investigating antimicrobial compounds of these insects, we have determined spectrophotometrically that the bacteriolytic activity is between pH 3 and pH 9 using homogenates of fifth instar Triatoma infestans stomachs and small intestines from unfed bugs and up to 50 days after feeding. The activity against Gram-positive Micrococcus luteus was strongest at pH 4 and pH 7 and was higher in the stomach than in the small intestine. Symbiotic Rhodococcus triatomae were not lysed. Lysis of Gram-negative Escherichia coli showed a maximum at pH 7 in the stomach and at pH 5 in the small intestine. Bacteriolytic activity against both M. luteus and E. coli was reduced 24 h after feeding, then increased, and at 50 days after feeding was strongly reduced. In zymographs, the activity against M. luteus was mainly correlated to proteins of about 16 kDa. At different periods of time after feeding, seven bands of lysis appeared between 15 and 40 kDa and more bands using extracts of the small intestine than those of the stomach. This is the first proof for the synthesis of antibacterial proteins of 22–40 kDa in triatomines.


Author(s):  
Ruth Plymale ◽  
Griffin Hopkins ◽  
Taylor Johnson ◽  
Taylor Savage ◽  
Danielle Schaal

Soil bacteria can be a valuable source of antimicrobial compounds. Here, we report the complete genomes of four soil bacteria that were isolated by undergraduate microbiology students as part of a course-based research experience. These genomes were assembled using a hybrid approach combining paired-end Illumina reads with Oxford Nanopore Technologies MinION reads.


Author(s):  
Clayton Moreira Leal ◽  
Alícia Vieira de Sá ◽  
Beatriz Jordão Paranhos ◽  
Maylen Goméz ◽  
Jair Fernandes Virgínio ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 719-732
Author(s):  
Najwa Menwer Alharbi ◽  
Amjad Khalid Alharthi ◽  
Alsamadani Alsamadani ◽  
Raneem Ahmed Almihmadi ◽  
Bothaina Ali Alaidaroos

This study aimed to investigate a method to manage antimicrobial resistance (AMR) issues by exploring soil microorganisms that are capable of producing bioactive compounds. Eight different types of soil were selected from three locations to screen, isolate, and identify microorganisms that are capable of producing antimicrobial compounds. The multi-drug resistant strains are Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans were selected for primary and secondary screening using the crowded plate method and the agar well diffusion method. Inhibition zones were measured, and data were assessed using statistical tests to check for normality and differences between parametric variables and nonparametric data. This was followed by biochemical characterization, DNA isolation, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Molecular identification was performed using 16S rRNA amplification and sequencing. Here, 86 isolates containing bacteria and fungi were successfully extracted from soil samples. Further, 49 of 86 microbes showed possible antimicrobial activity, but only 12 isolates resulted in distinct inhibition zones with the selected multi-drug resistant strains. The following different taxa were identified: Firmicutes (nine strains), Proteobacteria (one strain), Actinobacteria (one strain), and Azotobacter (one strain). Species are represented in a phylogenetic tree, which was constructed using the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) method. The evolutionary distances were computed using the Maximum Composite Likelihood method. The identified microorganisms showed antimicrobial activity, confirming that soil microorganisms have great potential to address AMR issues.


Author(s):  
Nadia Ali Ahmed Elkanzi ◽  
Hajer Hrichi ◽  
Rania B. Bakr

Background: The 1,4-naphthoquinone ring has attracted prominent interest in the field of medicinal chemistry due to its potent pharmacological activity as antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer. Objective: Herein, a series of new Schiff bases (4-6) and chalcones (8a-c & 9a-d) bearing 1,4-naphthoquinone moiety were synthesized in good yields and were subjected to in-vitro antimicrobial, antioxidant, and molecular docking testing. Methods: A facile protocol has been described in this study for the synthesis of new derivatives (4-7, 8a-c, and 9a-d) bearing 1,4-naphthoquinone moiety. The chemical structures of all the synthesized compounds were identified by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, MS, and elemental analyses. Moreover, these derivatives were assessed for their in-vitro antimicrobial activity against gram-positive, gram-negative bacteria, and fungal strains. Further studies were conducted to test their antioxidant activity using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) scavenging assay. Molecular docking studies were realized to identify the most likely interactions of the novel compounds within the protein receptor. Results: The antimicrobial results showed that most of the compounds displayed good efficacy against both bacterial and fungal strains. The antioxidant study revealed that compounds 9d, 9a, 9b, 8c, and 6 exhibited the highest radical scavenging activity. Docking studies of the most active antimicrobial compounds within GLN- 6-P, recorded good scores with several binding interactions with the active sites. Conclusion: Based on the obtained results, it was found that compounds 8b, 9b, and 9c displayed the highest activity against both bacterial and fungal strains. The obtained findings from the DPPH radical scavenging method revealed that compounds 9d and 9a exhibited the strongest scavenging potential. The molecular docking studies proved that the most active antimicrobial compounds 8b, 9b and 9c displayed the highest energy binding scores within the glucosamine-6-phosphate synthase (GlcN-6-P) active site.


2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Marina Ontiveros-Magadan ◽  
Robin C. Anderson ◽  
Oscar Ruiz-Barrera ◽  
Claudio Arzola-Alvarez ◽  
Jaime Salinas-Chavira ◽  
...  

Spoiled silages can harbor pathogenic and antimicrobial-resistant microbes. The potential of some antimicrobial additives to inhibit certain pathogenic and antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in air-exposed silage was measured using pure and mixed bacterial cultures. With pure cultures, laurate and monolaurin (5 mg·mL−1) caused decreases (P < 0.05) of 4 to >7 log10 colony-forming units (CFU)·mL−1 in Listeria monocytogenes and Enterococcus faecalis compared to controls. Ten-fold higher amounts of these inhibitors were needed to equivalently decrease staphylococci. 2-Nitropropanol (1 mg·mL−1) decreased (P < 0.05) E. faecalis and L. monocytogenes 2.9–3.8 and 2.4–7.2 log10 CFU·mL−1 after 6 and 24 h incubations, respectively. In air-exposed whole-plant corn silage the inhibitors caused decreases, although not necessarily significant, of 0.7–2.2 log10 CFU·mL−1 in L. monocytogenes, staphylococci and culturable aerobes after 24 h incubation, with modest yet significant (P < 0.05) inhibition (<0.1–0.3 log10 CFU·mL−1) of yeasts and molds. Tests for carry-over effects against ruminal microbes revealed laurate, monolaurin, and 2-nitropropanol inhibited methanogenesis by >50% (P < 0.05) after 24 h incubation and inhibited L. monocytogenes and enterococci. The antimicrobial activities exhibited by these compounds may yield opportunities to optimize their use to rescue spoiled silages.


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