Interspecific chromosomal rearrangements in monosomic addition lines of Allium

Genome ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 929-935 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Barthes ◽  
A Ricroch
Keyword(s):  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Chromosomal Rearrangements ◽  
In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Crossing Over ◽  
Dna Repeats ◽  
Addition Lines ◽  
Genomic In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Chromatin Transfer ◽  
Alien Addition Lines

Monosomic alien addition lines (MAALs) are useful for assigning linkage groups to chromosomes. We examined whether the chromosomal rearrangements following the introduction of a single onion (Allium cepa) chromosome into the Allium fistulosum genome were produced by homeologous crossing over or by a nonreciprocal conversion event. Among the monosomic lines available, 17 were studied by fluorescent genomic in situ hybridisation, using total A. cepa genomic DNA as the probe and total A. fistulosum genomic DNA as the competitor. In this way, rearrangements such as chromosomal translocations between A. cepa and A. fistulosum were identified as terminal regions consisting of tandem DNA repeats. Homeologous crossing over between the two closely related genomes occurred in 4 of the 17 lines, suggesting that such events are not rare. On the basis of a detailed molecular cytogenetic characterisation, we identified true monosomic alien addition lines for A. cepa chromosomes 3, 4, 5, 7, and 8 that can reliably be used in genetic studies.Key words: chromatin transfer, genomic in situ hybridisation, GISH, monosomic alien addition lines, MAALs, Allium.

Visualization of Oryza eichingeri chromosomes in intergenomic hybrid plants from O. sativa × O. eichingeri via fluorescent in situ hybridization

Genome ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huihuang Yan ◽  
Shaokai Min ◽  
Lihuang Zhu
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Somatic Chromosome ◽  
Addition Lines ◽  
Hybrid Plants ◽  
C Genome ◽  
Oryza Eichingeri ◽  
Alien Addition Lines

Digoxigenin-labeled total genomic DNA from Oryza eichingeri was hybridized in situ to somatic chromosome preparations of F1, F2, backcross progenies, and a pollen-derived tetraploid plant (E24) from O. sativa (2n = 24, genome AA) × O. eichingeri (2n = 24, genome CC), which allowed a definitive discrimination between A- and C-genome chromosomes. Twelve chromosomes in F1, F2, BC1, and twenty-four chromosomes in plant E24 were clearly revealed to be of O. eichingeri origin, thus confirming that both BC1 and F2 were allotriploids (2n = 36, AAC) while plant E24 was an amphiploid (2n = 48, AACC). In addition, the presence of O. eichingeri chromosomes in four alien addition lines was characterized. The results suggest that FISH/GISH may be a powerful tool for monitoring the O. sativa-alien chromosome in the progenies of rice interspecific hybridization.Key words: fluorescent in situ hybridization, Oryza sativa, Oryza eichingeri, amphiploid, alien addition lines.

Genome structure and evolution in the allohexaploid weed Avena fatua L. (Poaceae)

Genome ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 512-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q Yang ◽  
L Hanson ◽  
M D Bennett ◽  
I J Leitch
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Genomic Structure ◽  
In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
The Other ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Avena Species ◽  
Intergenomic Translocations ◽  
Genomic In Situ Hybridisation

Allohexaploid wild oat, Avena fatua L. (Poaceae; 2n = 6x = 42), is one of the world's worst weeds, yet unlike some of the other Avena hexaploids, its genomic structure has been relatively little researched. Consequently, in situ hybridisation was carried out on one accession of A. fatua using an 18S-25S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequence and genomic DNA fromA. strigosa (AA-genome diploid) and A. clauda (CC-genome diploid) as probes. Comparing these results with those for other hexaploids studied previously: (i) confirmed that the genomic composition of A. fatua was similar to the other hexaploid Avena taxa (i.e., AACCDD), (ii) identified major sites of rDNA on three pairs of A/D-genome chromosomes, in common with other Avena hexaploids, and (iii) revealed eight chromosome pairs carrying intergenomic translocations between the A/D- and C-genomes in the accession studied. Based on karyotype structure, the identity of some of these recombinant chromosomes was proposed, and this showed that some of these could be divided into two types, (i) those common to all hexaploid Avena species analysed (3 translocations) and (ii) one translocation in this A. fatua accession not previously observed in reports on other hexaploid Avena species. If this translocation is found to be unique to A. fatua, then this information, combined with more traditional morphological data, will add support to the view that A. fatua is genetically distinct from other hexaploid Avena species and thus should retain its full specific status.Key words: wild oats, Avena, genomic in situ hybridisation (GISH), intergenomic translocations, ribosomal DNA.

Karyotype Characterisation of Two Australian Dragon Lizards (Squamata: Agamidae: Amphibolurinae) Reveals Subtle Chromosomal Rearrangements Between Related Species with Similar Karyotypes

2020 ◽  
Vol 160 (10) ◽  
pp. 610-624
Author(s):  
Shayer M.I. Alam ◽  
Stephen D. Sarre ◽  
Arthur Georges ◽  
Tariq Ezaz
Keyword(s):  
Sex Chromosomes ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Chromosomal Rearrangements ◽  
In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Pogona Vitticeps ◽  
Molecular Cytogenetic Techniques ◽  
Heterogametic Sex

Agamid lizards (Squamata: Agamidae) are karyotypically heterogeneous. Among the 101 species currently described from Australia, all are from the subfamily Amphibolurinae. This group is, with some exceptions, karyotypically conserved, and all species involving heterogametic sex show female heterogamety. Here, we describe the chromosomes of 2 additional Australian agamid lizards, <i>Tympanocryptis lineata</i> and <i>Rankinia diemensis</i>. These species are phylogenetically and cytogenetically sisters to the well-characterised <i>Pogona vitticeps,</i> but their sex chromosomes and other chromosomal characteristics are unknown. In this study, we applied advanced molecular cytogenetic techniques, such as fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) and cross-species gene mapping, to characterise chromosomes and to identify sex chromosomes in these species. Our data suggest that both species have a conserved karyotype with <i>P. vitticeps</i> but with subtle rearrangements in the chromosomal landscapes. We could identify that <i>T. lineata</i> possesses a female heterogametic system (ZZ/ZW) with a pair of sex microchromosomes, while <i>R. diemensis</i> may have heterogametic sex chromosomes, but this requires further investigations. Our study shows the pattern of chromosomal rearrangements between closely related species, explaining the speciation within Australian agamid lizards of similar karyotypes.

Detection of barley chromatin added to wheat by genomic in situ hybridization

Genome ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 448-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Mukai ◽  
B. S. Gill
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Repeat Sequence ◽  
Genomic Clone ◽  
Genomic In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Addition Lines ◽  
Interphase Nuclei ◽  
Nucleolar Organizing Region ◽  
Chromosome Domains

A technique for in situ hybridization is reported that can be used to detect barley chromatin in wheat background using total genomic DNA as a probe. A 1:2 ratio of biotin-labeled genomic DNA of barley to blocking (unlabeled, sheared) DNA of wheat was sufficient to reveal brownish labeled barley chromosome domains against bluish background of unlabeled wheat chromatin in metaphase, prophase, and interphase nuclei of wheat-barley addition lines. Using this procedure, the behavior of specific barley chromosomes was analyzed in interphase and prophase cells. In prophase cells, the 6H chromosome was always associated with a nucleolus. A genomic clone of α-amylase gene (gRAmy56) that contains a barley-specific dispersed repeat sequence was also used to detect barley chromosomes in a wheat background.Key words: Hordeum vulgare, Triticum aestivum, genomic in situ hybridization, biotin, nucleolar organizing region.

Identification of the rice D-genome chromosomes by genomic in situ hybridisation

1997 ◽  
Vol 95 (8) ◽  
pp. 1239-1245 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Fukui ◽  
R. Shishido ◽  
T. Kinoshita
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
D Genome ◽  
Genomic In Situ Hybridisation

scholarly journals Genome composition of ‘Elatior’-begonias hybrids analyzed by genomic in situ hybridisation

Euphytica ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 171 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Marasek-Ciolakowska ◽  
M. S. Ramanna ◽  
W. A. ter Laak ◽  
J. M. van Tuyl
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Genome Composition ◽  
Genomic In Situ Hybridisation

Development of alien addition lines from Cucumis hystrix in Cucumis sativus: cytological and molecular marker analyses

Genome ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. 629-641
Author(s):  
Mengxue Li ◽  
Qinzheng Zhao ◽  
Yuxi Liu ◽  
Xiaodong Qin ◽  
Wei Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Wild Species ◽  
Chromosome Doubling ◽  
Addition Lines ◽  
Cytological Evidence ◽  
Cucumis Hystrix ◽  
Mother Cells ◽  
Chromosome Segments ◽  
Alien Addition Lines

Transferring desired genes from wild species to cultivars through alien addition lines (AALs) has been shown to be an effective method for genetic improvement. Cucumis hystrix Chakr. (HH, 2n = 24) is a wild species of Cucumis that possesses many resistant genes. A synthetic allotetraploid species, C. hytivus (HHCC, 2n = 38), was obtained from the cross between cultivated cucumber, C. sativus (CC, 2n = 14), and C. hystrix followed by chromosome doubling. Cucumis sativus – C. hystrix AALs were developed by continuous backcrossing to the cultivated cucumbers. In this study, 10 different types of AALs (CC-H01, CC-H06, CC-H08, CC-H10, CC-H12, CC-H06+H09, CC-H06+H10, CC-H06+H12, CC-H08+H10, CC-H01+H06+H10) were identified based on the analysis of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and molecular markers specific to C. hystrix chromosomes. And the behavior of the alien chromosomes in three AALs (CC-H01, CC-H06+H10, CC-H01+H06+H10) at meiosis was investigated. The results showed that alien chromosomes paired with C. sativus chromosome in few pollen mother cells (PMCs). Further, disomic alien addition lines (DAALs) carrying a pair of C. hystrix chromosome H10 were screened from the selfed progenies of CC-H10. Chromosome pairing between genomes provides cytological evidence for the possible introgression of alien chromosome segments. The development of AALs could serve as a key step for exploiting and utilizing valuable genes from C. hystrix.

Chromosome structure of Triticum timopheevii relative to T. turgidum

Genome ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 923-930 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Rodríguez ◽  
E Perera ◽  
B Maestra ◽  
M Díez ◽  
T Naranjo
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Structure ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Chromosomal Rearrangements ◽  
In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Triticum Timopheevii ◽  
C Banding ◽  
Genomic In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Banding Analysis ◽  
Wild Accessions ◽  
Species Specific

The chromosome structure of four different wild populations and a cultivated line of Triticum timopheevii (2n = 28, AtAtGG) relative to Triticum turgidum (2n = 28, AABB) was studied, using genomic in situ hybridisation (GISH) and C-banding analysis of meiotic configurations in interspecific hybrids. Two wild accessions and the cultivated line showed the standard C-banding karyotype. The other two accessions are homozygous for translocation 5At/3G and translocations 1G/2G and 5G/6G. GISH analysis revealed that all the T. timopheevii accessions carry intergenome translocations 6At/1G and 1G/4G and identified the position of the breakpoint in translocation 5At/3G. C-banding analysis of pairing at metaphase I in the hybrids with T. turgidum provides evidence that four species-specific translocations (6AtS/1GS, 1GS/4GS, 4GS/4AtL, and 4AtL/3AtL) exist in T. timopheevii, and that T. timopheevii and T. turgidum differ in the pericentric inversion of chromosome 4A. Bridge plus acentric fragment configurations involving 4AL and 4AtL were identified in cells at anaphase I. This result suggests that the paracentric inversion of 4AL from T. turgidum does not exist in T. timopheevii. Both tetraploid species have undergone independent and distinct evolutionary chromosomal rearrangements. The position, intercalary or subdistal, of the breakpoints in species-specific translocations and inversions contrasts with the position, at or close to the centromere, of intraspecific translocations. Different mechanisms for intraspecific and species-specific chromosome rearrangements are suggested.Key words: Triticum timopheevii, chromosome pairing, translocation, evolution, C-banding, GISH.

scholarly journals Physical Mapping of the Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) darlingi Genomic Scaffolds

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 164
Author(s):  
Míriam Silva Rafael ◽  
Leticia Cegatti Bridi ◽  
Igor V. Sharakhov ◽  
Osvaldo Marinotti ◽  
Maria V. Sharakhova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Mapping ◽  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Chromosomal Rearrangements ◽  
Polytene Chromosomes ◽  
Anopheles Darlingi ◽  
Anopheles Albimanus ◽  
Anopheles Species ◽  
Homologous Sequences ◽  
Genome Assemblies

The genome assembly of Anopheles darlingi consists of 2221 scaffolds (N50 = 115,072 bp) and has a size spanning 136.94 Mbp. This assembly represents one of the smallest genomes among Anopheles species. Anopheles darlingi genomic DNA fragments of ~37 Kb were cloned, end-sequenced, and used as probes for fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with salivary gland polytene chromosomes. In total, we mapped nine DNA probes to scaffolds and autosomal arms. Comparative analysis of the An. darlingi scaffolds with homologous sequences of the Anopheles albimanus and Anopheles gambiae genomes identified chromosomal rearrangements among these species. Our results confirmed that physical mapping is a useful tool for anchoring genome assemblies to mosquito chromosomes.

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