Genome structure and evolution in the allohexaploid weed Avena fatua L. (Poaceae)

Genome ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 512-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q Yang ◽  
L Hanson ◽  
M D Bennett ◽  
I J Leitch
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Genomic Structure ◽  
In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
The Other ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Avena Species ◽  
Intergenomic Translocations ◽  
Genomic In Situ Hybridisation

Allohexaploid wild oat, Avena fatua L. (Poaceae; 2n = 6x = 42), is one of the world's worst weeds, yet unlike some of the other Avena hexaploids, its genomic structure has been relatively little researched. Consequently, in situ hybridisation was carried out on one accession of A. fatua using an 18S-25S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequence and genomic DNA fromA. strigosa (AA-genome diploid) and A. clauda (CC-genome diploid) as probes. Comparing these results with those for other hexaploids studied previously: (i) confirmed that the genomic composition of A. fatua was similar to the other hexaploid Avena taxa (i.e., AACCDD), (ii) identified major sites of rDNA on three pairs of A/D-genome chromosomes, in common with other Avena hexaploids, and (iii) revealed eight chromosome pairs carrying intergenomic translocations between the A/D- and C-genomes in the accession studied. Based on karyotype structure, the identity of some of these recombinant chromosomes was proposed, and this showed that some of these could be divided into two types, (i) those common to all hexaploid Avena species analysed (3 translocations) and (ii) one translocation in this A. fatua accession not previously observed in reports on other hexaploid Avena species. If this translocation is found to be unique to A. fatua, then this information, combined with more traditional morphological data, will add support to the view that A. fatua is genetically distinct from other hexaploid Avena species and thus should retain its full specific status.Key words: wild oats, Avena, genomic in situ hybridisation (GISH), intergenomic translocations, ribosomal DNA.

Comparison of karyotype and rDNA-distribution in somatic chromosomes of Bowenia species (Stangeriaceae, Cycadales)

2000 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Kokubugata ◽  
K. Kondo ◽  
G. W. Wilson ◽  
L. M. Randall ◽  
A. van der Schans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Staining Method ◽  
In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mitotic Metaphase ◽  
Rdna Probe ◽  
Hybridisation Signal ◽  
Orcein Staining

Somatic chromosomes at mitotic metaphase of Bowenia serrulata, B. spectabilis and B. sp. ‘Tinaroo’ is investigated by the standard aceto-orcein staining method and the fluorescent in situ hybridisation method (FISH) with ribosomal DNA (rDNA) probe. Bowenia serrulata, B. spectabilis and B. sp. ‘Tinaroo’ each have a chromosome number of 2n = 18. The karyotype of B. serrulata exhibits 10 median-centromeric chromosomes, while B. spectabilis and B. sp. ‘Tinaroo’ exhibit eight median-centromeric chromosomes. By using FISH, B. serrulata, B. spectabilis and B. sp. ‘Tinaroo’ show a hybridisation signal on the satellite of the short arm of two submedian-centromeric chromosomes. However, the other hybridisation signal pattern is different among B. serrulata, B. spectabilis and B. sp. ‘Tinaroo’.

Interspecific chromosomal rearrangements in monosomic addition lines of Allium

Genome ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 929-935 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Barthes ◽  
A Ricroch
Keyword(s):  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Chromosomal Rearrangements ◽  
In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Crossing Over ◽  
Dna Repeats ◽  
Addition Lines ◽  
Genomic In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Chromatin Transfer ◽  
Alien Addition Lines

Monosomic alien addition lines (MAALs) are useful for assigning linkage groups to chromosomes. We examined whether the chromosomal rearrangements following the introduction of a single onion (Allium cepa) chromosome into the Allium fistulosum genome were produced by homeologous crossing over or by a nonreciprocal conversion event. Among the monosomic lines available, 17 were studied by fluorescent genomic in situ hybridisation, using total A. cepa genomic DNA as the probe and total A. fistulosum genomic DNA as the competitor. In this way, rearrangements such as chromosomal translocations between A. cepa and A. fistulosum were identified as terminal regions consisting of tandem DNA repeats. Homeologous crossing over between the two closely related genomes occurred in 4 of the 17 lines, suggesting that such events are not rare. On the basis of a detailed molecular cytogenetic characterisation, we identified true monosomic alien addition lines for A. cepa chromosomes 3, 4, 5, 7, and 8 that can reliably be used in genetic studies.Key words: chromatin transfer, genomic in situ hybridisation, GISH, monosomic alien addition lines, MAALs, Allium.

Identification of the rice D-genome chromosomes by genomic in situ hybridisation

1997 ◽  
Vol 95 (8) ◽  
pp. 1239-1245 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Fukui ◽  
R. Shishido ◽  
T. Kinoshita
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
D Genome ◽  
Genomic In Situ Hybridisation

scholarly journals Genome composition of ‘Elatior’-begonias hybrids analyzed by genomic in situ hybridisation

Euphytica ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 171 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Marasek-Ciolakowska ◽  
M. S. Ramanna ◽  
W. A. ter Laak ◽  
J. M. van Tuyl
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Genome Composition ◽  
Genomic In Situ Hybridisation

scholarly journals Advances in the diagnosis and treatment of leprosy

2002 ◽  
Vol 4 (15) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vishwa M. Katoch
Keyword(s):  
Direct Detection ◽  
Genomic Structure ◽  
In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
New Information ◽  
Rna Targeting ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Monitoring Treatment ◽  
Effective Drugs

Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae that mainly affects the skin and peripheral nerves. Over recent years, many important advances have been made in developing molecular diagnostics, in identifying highly effective drugs and designing multidrug regimens for treatment, and in unravelling the genomic structure and functions of the leprosy bacillus. Using the new information about specific sequences of M. leprae, several gene probes and gene amplification systems for confirming diagnosis and monitoring treatment have been developed. Among these, polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methods have been useful in confirming the diagnosis in paucibacillary leprosy (where few bacilli are present). RNA-targeting systems for monitoring the progress of treatment, in situ hybridisation techniques for analysing specimens with nonspecific histological features, and molecular methods for direct detection of rifampicin/dapsone resistance are other major technological advances with immense applied value. Several effective regimens for the treatment of leprosy have been developed, which include rifampicin, clofazimine and dapsone as core drugs. Although these regimens are generally satisfactory, limitations in terms of persisting activity and late reactions/relapses in paucibacillary leprosy, and persistence of dead and/or live organisms in multibacillary forms of the disease, have been observed.

Introgression of chromosomes of Festuca arundinacea var. glaucescens into Lolium multiflorum revealed by genomic in situ hybridisation (GISH)

2001 ◽  
Vol 103 (5) ◽  
pp. 696-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. G. Morgan ◽  
I. P. King ◽  
S. Koch ◽  
J. A. Harper ◽  
H. M. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Genomic In Situ Hybridisation

Chromosome in situ hybridisation of ribosomal DNA in Erianthus sect. Ripidium species with varying chromosome numbers confirms x = 10 in Erianthus sect. Ripidium

Genome ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 270-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Besse ◽  
C L McIntyre
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Basic Chromosome Number ◽  
Dna Probe ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Basic Chromosome ◽  
Fluorescent In Situ Hybridisation

A wheat ribosomal DNA probe was used to determine the number of rDNA-carrying chromosomes in 2 Erianthus sect. Ripidium species using FISH (fluorescent in situ hybridisation) and non-fluorescent ISH. Two and four ribosomal DNA sites were revealed in E. elephantinus (2n = 20) and E. procerus (2n = 40), respectively. This result, together with previously published data showing 6 rDNA-carrying chromosomes in E. arundinaceus (2n = 60), confirms a possible basic chromosome number of x = 10 in Erianthus sect. Ripidium.Key words: Erianthus, FISH, ISH, ribosomal DNA, Saccharum, sugarcane.

scholarly journals Euchromatic Supernumerary Chromosomal Segments—Remnants of Ongoing Karyotype Restructuring in the Prospero autumnale Complex?

Genes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tae-Soo Jang ◽  
John Parker ◽  
Hanna Weiss-Schneeweiss
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Chromosome Complement ◽  
B Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome 1 ◽  
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Genomic In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
B Chromosome Evolution ◽  
Diploid Level ◽  
Prospero Autumnale

Supernumerary chromosomal segments (SCSs) represent additional chromosomal material that, unlike B chromosomes, is attached to the standard chromosome complement. The Prospero autumnale complex (Hyacinthaceae) is polymorphic for euchromatic large terminal SCSs located on the short arm of chromosome 1 in diploid cytotypes AA and B7B7, and tetraploid AAB7B7 and B6B6B7B7, in addition to on the short arm of chromosome 4 in polyploid B7B7B7B7 and B7B7B7B7B7B7 cytotypes. The genomic composition and evolutionary relationships among these SCSs have been assessed using fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) with 5S and 35S ribosomal DNAs (rDNAs), satellite DNA PaB6, and a vertebrate-type telomeric repeat TTAGGG. Neither of the rDNA repeats were detected in SCSs, but most contained PaB6 and telomeric repeats, although these never spanned whole SCSs. Genomic in situ hybridisation (GISH) using A, B6, and B7 diploid genomic parental DNAs as probes revealed the consistently higher genomic affinity of SCSs in diploid hybrid B6B7 and allopolyploids AAB7B7 and B6B6B7B7 to genomic DNA of the B7 diploid cytotype. GISH results suggest a possible early origin of SCSs, especially that on chromosome 1, as by-products of the extensive genome restructuring within a putative ancestral P. autumnale B7 genome, predating the complex diversification at the diploid level and perhaps linked to B-chromosome evolution.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document