Genomic rearrangements in maize induced by tissue culture

Genome ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Lee ◽  
R. L. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Chromosome Instability ◽  
Chromosome Breakage ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Meiotic Analysis ◽  
Regenerated Plants

Chromosomal instability is a common occurrence in plant tissue cultures and has been documented in plants regenerated from several genotypes of maize (Zea mays L.) tissue cultures. The objective of this research was to evaluate the frequency and types of chromosomal aberrations in regenerated plants of an Oh43–A188 genetic background, which had not been examined previously for chromosome stability in culture. Organogenic callus cultures were intitated from immature embryos of F2 plants for several Oh43 ms isoline × A188 crosses. The chromosome constitution of 267 plants was investigated through meiotic analysis of plants regenerated either 3 to 4 or 8 to 9 months after culture initiation. No abnormalities were detected in 78 plants regenerated during the first period. During the second period, however, 91 of the 189 plants were cytologically abnormal. One hundred and eight aberrations were detected and most (96%) involved changes in chromosome structure such as interchanges (42%), deficiencies (35%), and heteromorphic pairs (19%). All deficiencies were intercalary. Also, most (51%) interchanges involved chromosome 6. An association between male-sterility factors and chromosome instability was not observed. Breakpoints were primarily on chromosome arms containing large blocks of heterochromatin such as knobs. Several abnormal plants from the same culture appeared to contain identical aberrations indicating the aberrations may trace to a single event. A hypothesis for the involvement of heterochromatin in chromosome breakage during in vitro culture is supported. Key words: Zea mays L., tissue culture, somaclonal variation, chromosome breakage, heterochromatin.

CYTOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF PLANTS REGENERATED FROM OAT (AVENA SATIVA) TISSUE CULTURES; HIGH FREQUENCY OF PARTIAL CHROMOSOME LOSS

1982 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. McCoy ◽  
R. L. Phillips ◽  
H. W. Rines
Keyword(s):  
Avena Sativa ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Chromosome Instability ◽  
Chromosome Breakage ◽  
Chromosome Loss ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Meiotic Analysis ◽  
Regenerated Plants ◽  
Chromosomal Variability ◽  
Regeneration Cycle

The frequency and types of chromosomal variability in regenerated Avena sativa L. plants were assessed by detailed meiotic analysis on 655 regenerated plants. Tissue cultures were initiated from immature embryos of the varieties Lodi and Tippecanoe and maintained by monthly subculturing. Plants were regenerated from 4-, 8-, 12-, 16- and 20- month-old cultures. Regenerated plants with cytogenetic alterations were common, although Lodi cultures produced a higher frequency of cytogenetically abnormal plants at each regeneration cycle than Tippecanoe cultures. After four months in culture, 49% of Lodi regenerated plants were cytogenetically abnormal, whereas only 12% of Tippecanoe regenerated plants were abnormal. The frequency of cytogenetically abnormal, regenerated plants increased with culture age. After 20 months in culture 88% of Lodi regenerated plants and 48% of Tippecanoe regenerated plants were cytogenetically abnormal. The most common cytogenetic alteration was chromosome breakage, followed by loss of a chromosome segment resulting in a heteromorphic pair at diakinesis. Of the regenerated plants classified as cytogenetically abnormal, 41% of Lodi plants and 66% of Tippecanoe plants had lost a portion of one or more chromosomes. Other alterations included trisomy, monosomy and interchanges. Chromosome instability associated with oat tissue cultures has several possible uses.

CHROMOSOME STABILITY IN MAIZE (ZEA MAYS) TISSUE CULTURES AND SECTORING IN SOME REGENERATED PLANTS

1982 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 559-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. McCoy ◽  
R. L. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Chromosome Complement ◽  
Recessive Mutation ◽  
Chromosome Stability ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Meiotic Analysis ◽  
Recessive Mutations ◽  
Regenerated Plants

Cytogenetic stability of maize (Zea mays L.) tissue cultures was assessed by meiotic analysis of plants regenerated from 4- and 8-month-old tissue cultures and by mitotic analysis of cultured cells 4 and 8 months after culture initiation. Cultures initiated from four embryos each of W22 R-nj R-nj × A188 and A188 × W22 R-nj R-nj were examined. After four months in culture, only one of 65 regenerated plants was abnormal; after eight months, only four of 59 regenerated plants were abnormal. Three of the five abnormal plants had normal and cytogenetically abnormal sectors in the tassels. Inheritance studies were conducted on 51 regenerated plants. Eight plants segregated in the S1 for recessive mutations resulting in defective kernels, and one plant segregated for a recessive mutation resulting in a wilted phenotype. Eight different plants that produced normal S1 progeny segregated for defective kernel mutations in some S1 families, indicating a lack of concordance between male and female reproductive cells in the original regenerated plant. The cytogenetic stability observed in regenerated plants also was observed in vitro, indicating that selection at the time of regeneration did not occur. Four hundred and thirty-four (97%) of the 449 cells analyzed in 4-month-old cultures had the normal 20-chromosome complement; 377 (95%) of the 398 cells analyzed in 8-month-old cultures were normal. These results indicate that chromosome stability is maintained in tissue cultures of A188 × W22 R-nj R-nj maize.

Genetic variants in progeny of regenerated maize plants

Genome ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 834-838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Lee ◽  
R. L. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Regenerated Plants ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Frequent Variant ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
Regenerated Plant

Tissue culture has been shown to be a method of generating genetic variation in regenerated plants and their progeny for several maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes. The objectives of this study were to (i) estimate the frequency and types of variants arising from maize tissue cultures, (ii) investigate the effect of culture age on the frequency of variants per regenerated plant, and (iii) estimate the frequency of sectoring among regenerated plants of an F3 from Oh43/A188 genetic background that had not been examined previously for genetic stability in culture. Organogenic callus cultures were initiated from immature F3 embryos for several Oh43ms isoline × A188 crosses. Plants were regenerated either 3 to 4 or 8 to 9 months after culture initiation. Progenies of 248 plants regenerated from 74 cultures were scored for kernel, seedling, and other sporophytic variants following one or two generations of self-pollination. The frequency of variants per regenerated plants increased from 0.5 after 3 to 4 months of culture to 1.3 after 8 to 9 months. A total of 44 variant phenotypes were observed. Defective kernels were the most frequent variant. Most variants were inherited as single-gene recessives. Segregation patterns suggested that the ear and tassel of several (40 of 80) self-pollinated, regenerated plants were genetically discordant. Key words: Zea mays L., tissue culture, somaclonal variation, chimera, qualitative variation.

scholarly journals Molecular and genetic characterization of Mu transposable elements in Zea mays: behavior in callus culture and regenerated plants.

Genetics ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 123 (3) ◽  
pp. 567-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Planckaert ◽  
V Walbot
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Transposable Elements ◽  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Culture Period ◽  
Mutator Activity ◽  
Regenerated Plants ◽  
Activity State

Abstract Active Mutator lines of maize (Zea mays L.) have a high mutation rate and contain multiple hypomethylated 1.4-kb and 1.7-kb Mu transposable elements. Correlated with the inactivation of the Mutator system, these Mu elements cease to transpose and become more methylated. To determine whether the shock of tissue culture can affect Mutator activities, F1 progenies of outcrosses between active or inactive Mutator stocks and inbred line A188 were used to initiate embryogenic callus cultures. HinfI restriction digestion of genomic DNA isolated from 3-5-month-old cultures demonstrated that there is a very good correlation between the modification state of Mu elements in the cultures and the Mutator parent. Despite the dedifferentiation and rapid proliferation characteristic of tissue culture, the Mutator activity state is relatively stable during an extended tissue culture period. Cultures established from inactive Mutator lines were not reactivated; cultures established from active lines maintained a high Mu copy number, and most Mu elements remained unmodified. In contrast, weakly active Mutator parents gave rise to cultures in which Mu element modification could switch between low and high methylation during the culture period. Evidence for transposition was investigated with EcoRI digestion of genomic DNA isolated at different times during culture. The appearance of novel Mu-hybridizing fragments and a strong background hybridization are interpreted as evidence that transposition events occur during culture. Plants regenerated from such active cultures transmitted Mutator activity to their progeny.

In vitro growth analysis of zea mays l. Using silver nanoparticles

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
SRIRAM. T ◽  
PANDIDURAI. V
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Growth Analysis ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
In Vitro Growth

IN VITRO GERMINATION AND POLLEN TUBE GROWTH OF MAIZE (ZEA MAYS L.) POLLEN. X. POLLEN SOURCE GENOTYPE AND GIBBERELLIN A3INTERACTIONS*

1982 ◽  
Vol 31 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 105-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. L. Pfahler ◽  
M. Wilcox ◽  
D. L. Mulcahy ◽  
D. A. Knauft
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Pollen Tube Growth ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Tube Growth ◽  
In Vitro Germination

Silicon and cadmium interaction of maize (Zea mays L.) plants cultivated in vitro

Biologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuzana Lukacova ◽  
Denis Liska ◽  
Boris Bokor ◽  
Renata Svubova ◽  
Alexander Lux
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L

scholarly journals Badanie wzrostu kultur korzeniowych oraz tworzenia i wzrostu in vitro kalusów z różnych organów marchmi odmiany Terfekcja [Growth and callus formation of tissue cultures derived from various carrot organs]

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-42
Author(s):  
Anna M. Domańska ◽  
Aldona Rennert
Keyword(s):  
Callus Formation ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Root Tissue ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Bee Bread

The clones of excised roots, leaves, petioles, cotylenods, hypocotyls and root calluses derived from the respective carrot fragments (cv. 'Perfekcja' commonly cultivated in Poland) were cultured <i>in vitro</i>. An influence of thiamine concentrations on the growth of root tissue was examined. Several various media were tested for callus cultures. Bee bread extract was also applied. The growth of isolated clones during early and later culture periods was compared.

scholarly journals Efeito do estresse salino e da prolina exógena em calos de milho

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
TEREZINHA RANGEL CAMARA ◽  
LILIA WILLADINO ◽  
JOSEP MARIA TORNÉ ◽  
ALBERT MANICK ◽  
MARIA ASUNCIÓN SANTOS
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito de diferentes concentrações de NaCl (0, 68, 137 e 205 mM) sobre o cultivo in vitro de calos de dois genótipos (W64Ao2 e Arizona 8601) de milho (Zea mays L.), em meio de cultura N6, suplementado ou não com a adição de 6,0 mM de prolina. Os tratamentos consistiram da combinação dos quatro níveis de NaCl com os dois níveis de prolina, num fatorial 4x2. Os tratamentos foram mantidos durante 60 dias, com subcultivos a cada 20 dias. A taxa de crescimento dos calos e o conteúdo endógeno de putrescina, espermina, espermidina, prolina e outros aminoácidos livres foram avaliados no final do período experimental. A adição de prolina exógena favoreceu o crescimento dos calos no tratamento-controle e minorou os efeitos deletérios do estresse salino em ambos os genótipos, no nível de sal mais elevado (250mM de NaCl). A taxa de crescimento dos calos de W64Ao2 foi superior àquela dos calos de Arizona 8601, possivelmente por causa, em parte, do maior acúmulo de prolina endógena e da manutenção ativa do metabolismo das poliaminas naqueles calos.

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