Genetic variants in progeny of regenerated maize plants

Genome ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 834-838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Lee ◽  
R. L. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Regenerated Plants ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Frequent Variant ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
Regenerated Plant

Tissue culture has been shown to be a method of generating genetic variation in regenerated plants and their progeny for several maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes. The objectives of this study were to (i) estimate the frequency and types of variants arising from maize tissue cultures, (ii) investigate the effect of culture age on the frequency of variants per regenerated plant, and (iii) estimate the frequency of sectoring among regenerated plants of an F3 from Oh43/A188 genetic background that had not been examined previously for genetic stability in culture. Organogenic callus cultures were initiated from immature F3 embryos for several Oh43ms isoline × A188 crosses. Plants were regenerated either 3 to 4 or 8 to 9 months after culture initiation. Progenies of 248 plants regenerated from 74 cultures were scored for kernel, seedling, and other sporophytic variants following one or two generations of self-pollination. The frequency of variants per regenerated plants increased from 0.5 after 3 to 4 months of culture to 1.3 after 8 to 9 months. A total of 44 variant phenotypes were observed. Defective kernels were the most frequent variant. Most variants were inherited as single-gene recessives. Segregation patterns suggested that the ear and tassel of several (40 of 80) self-pollinated, regenerated plants were genetically discordant. Key words: Zea mays L., tissue culture, somaclonal variation, chimera, qualitative variation.

Genomic rearrangements in maize induced by tissue culture

Genome ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Lee ◽  
R. L. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Chromosome Instability ◽  
Chromosome Breakage ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Meiotic Analysis ◽  
Regenerated Plants

Chromosomal instability is a common occurrence in plant tissue cultures and has been documented in plants regenerated from several genotypes of maize (Zea mays L.) tissue cultures. The objective of this research was to evaluate the frequency and types of chromosomal aberrations in regenerated plants of an Oh43–A188 genetic background, which had not been examined previously for chromosome stability in culture. Organogenic callus cultures were intitated from immature embryos of F2 plants for several Oh43 ms isoline × A188 crosses. The chromosome constitution of 267 plants was investigated through meiotic analysis of plants regenerated either 3 to 4 or 8 to 9 months after culture initiation. No abnormalities were detected in 78 plants regenerated during the first period. During the second period, however, 91 of the 189 plants were cytologically abnormal. One hundred and eight aberrations were detected and most (96%) involved changes in chromosome structure such as interchanges (42%), deficiencies (35%), and heteromorphic pairs (19%). All deficiencies were intercalary. Also, most (51%) interchanges involved chromosome 6. An association between male-sterility factors and chromosome instability was not observed. Breakpoints were primarily on chromosome arms containing large blocks of heterochromatin such as knobs. Several abnormal plants from the same culture appeared to contain identical aberrations indicating the aberrations may trace to a single event. A hypothesis for the involvement of heterochromatin in chromosome breakage during in vitro culture is supported. Key words: Zea mays L., tissue culture, somaclonal variation, chromosome breakage, heterochromatin.

scholarly journals Molecular and genetic characterization of Mu transposable elements in Zea mays: behavior in callus culture and regenerated plants.

Genetics ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 123 (3) ◽  
pp. 567-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Planckaert ◽  
V Walbot
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Transposable Elements ◽  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Culture Period ◽  
Mutator Activity ◽  
Regenerated Plants ◽  
Activity State

Abstract Active Mutator lines of maize (Zea mays L.) have a high mutation rate and contain multiple hypomethylated 1.4-kb and 1.7-kb Mu transposable elements. Correlated with the inactivation of the Mutator system, these Mu elements cease to transpose and become more methylated. To determine whether the shock of tissue culture can affect Mutator activities, F1 progenies of outcrosses between active or inactive Mutator stocks and inbred line A188 were used to initiate embryogenic callus cultures. HinfI restriction digestion of genomic DNA isolated from 3-5-month-old cultures demonstrated that there is a very good correlation between the modification state of Mu elements in the cultures and the Mutator parent. Despite the dedifferentiation and rapid proliferation characteristic of tissue culture, the Mutator activity state is relatively stable during an extended tissue culture period. Cultures established from inactive Mutator lines were not reactivated; cultures established from active lines maintained a high Mu copy number, and most Mu elements remained unmodified. In contrast, weakly active Mutator parents gave rise to cultures in which Mu element modification could switch between low and high methylation during the culture period. Evidence for transposition was investigated with EcoRI digestion of genomic DNA isolated at different times during culture. The appearance of novel Mu-hybridizing fragments and a strong background hybridization are interpreted as evidence that transposition events occur during culture. Plants regenerated from such active cultures transmitted Mutator activity to their progeny.

scholarly journals Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus Pal5 Enhances Plant Robustness Status under the Combination of Moderate Drought and Low Nitrogen Stress in Zea mays L.

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 870
Author(s):  
Muhammad Aammar Tufail ◽  
María Touceda-González ◽  
Ilaria Pertot ◽  
Ralf-Udo Ehlers
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Nitrogen Stress ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
N Fixation ◽  
Gluconacetobacter Diazotrophicus ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
Low Nitrogen

Plant growth promoting endophytic bacteria, which can fix nitrogen, plays a vital role in plant growth promotion. Previous authors have evaluated the effect of Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus Pal5 inoculation on plants subjected to different sources of abiotic stress on an individual basis. The present study aimed to appraise the effect of G. diazotrophicus inoculation on the amelioration of the individual and combined effects of drought and nitrogen stress in maize plants (Zea mays L.). A pot experiment was conducted whereby treatments consisted of maize plants cultivated under drought stress, in soil with a low nitrogen concentration and these two stress sources combined, with and without G. diazotrophicus seed inoculation. The inoculated plants showed increased plant biomass, chlorophyll content, plant nitrogen uptake, and water use efficiency. A general increase in copy numbers of G. diazotrophicus, based on 16S rRNA gene quantification, was detected under combined moderate stress, in addition to an increase in the abundance of genes involved in N fixation (nifH). Endophytic colonization of bacteria was negatively affected by severe stress treatments. Overall, G. diazotrophicus Pal5 can be considered as an effective tool to increase maize crop production under drought conditions with low application of nitrogen fertilizer.

scholarly journals Identification of DNA of pathogens from Fusarium genus in maize plants (Zea mays L.)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidia Tumanova ◽  
◽  
Cristina Grajdieru ◽  
Valentin Mitin ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Maize Plants

Isozymes as biochemical and cytochemical markers in embryogenic callus cultures of maize (Zea mays L.)

1989 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. F. Fransz ◽  
N. C. A. de Ruijter ◽  
J. H. N. Schel
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Embryogenic Callus ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Cytochemical Markers

Behaviour of chromosomes in anaphase cells in embryogenic callus cultures of maize (Zea mays L.)

1996 ◽  
Vol 92 (8) ◽  
pp. 982-990 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Fluminhan ◽  
T. Kameya
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Embryogenic Callus ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Callus Cultures

Effects of municipal solid waste compost and mineral fertilizer amendments on soil properties and heavy metals distribution in maize plants (Zea mays L.)

Chemosphere ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 85 (10) ◽  
pp. 1614-1623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregoria Carbonell ◽  
Rosario Miralles de Imperial ◽  
Manuel Torrijos ◽  
Mar Delgado ◽  
José Antonio Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste Compost ◽  
Maize Plants

Morphological Observations on Recently Recovered Early Agricultural Period Maize Cob Fragments from Southern Arizona

2005 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 361-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael W. Diehl
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Maize Cultivars ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
Tucson Basin ◽  
Maize Cob ◽  
Early Agricultural Period

Metric analyses of recently excavated maize (Zea mays, L.) cupules and cob fragments from Early Agricultural period (2000 B. C.-A.D. 50) sites in southern Arizona indicate that early maize cultivars produced small cobs with small cupules. Although it is risky to generalize about the yield potential of a plant that may have no compelling modern analogues, this work provides further support for the claim that ancient Tucson Basin maize plants provided relatively low yields as compared with more recent varieties.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document