ACETYLCHOLINE IN PERIPLANETA AMERICANA L.: IV. THE SIGNIFICANCE OF ESTERASE INHIBITION IN INTOXICATION, ACETYLCHOLINE LEVELS, AND NERVOUS CONDUCTION

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
pp. 1363-1376 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. H. Colhoun
Keyword(s):  
Topical Application ◽  
Periplaneta Americana ◽  
Nervous Activity ◽  
Esterase Inhibition ◽  
Parathion Poisoning ◽  
Nervous Transmission ◽  
Nervous Conduction

Inhibition of ali-esterase (ALiE) of roaches by injections of tri-ortho-cresyl phosphate (TOCP) did not result in organophosphorus intoxication. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was not inhibited. Topical application of either tetraethylpyrophosphate (TEPP) or O,O-diethyl O-p-nitrophenyl phosphorothioate (parathion) to roaches treated with TOCP resulted in poisoning, inhibition of AChE, increases in the amount of acetylcholine (ACh), and disturbances in electrical nervous activity. Similar results were found for roaches treated only with either TEPP or parathion, but prostration was achieved more quickly in roaches first treated with TOCP, suggesting that TOCP treatment potentiated TEPP and parathion poisoning. Studies of electrical nervous activity in roaches showed that nervous conduction was not interfered with by ALiE inhibition. Synaptic nervous transmission was disrupted by inhibition of AChE with TEPP. Axonic nervous transmission was unimpaired although AChE was found to be inhibited.

ACETYLCHOLINE IN PERIPLANETA AMERICANA L.: IV. THE SIGNIFICANCE OF ESTERASE INHIBITION IN INTOXICATION, ACETYLCHOLINE LEVELS, AND NERVOUS CONDUCTION

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 1363-1376 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. H. Colhoun
Keyword(s):  
Topical Application ◽  
Periplaneta Americana ◽  
Nervous Activity ◽  
Esterase Inhibition ◽  
Parathion Poisoning ◽  
Nervous Transmission ◽  
Nervous Conduction

Inhibition of ali-esterase (ALiE) of roaches by injections of tri-ortho-cresyl phosphate (TOCP) did not result in organophosphorus intoxication. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was not inhibited. Topical application of either tetraethylpyrophosphate (TEPP) or O,O-diethyl O-p-nitrophenyl phosphorothioate (parathion) to roaches treated with TOCP resulted in poisoning, inhibition of AChE, increases in the amount of acetylcholine (ACh), and disturbances in electrical nervous activity. Similar results were found for roaches treated only with either TEPP or parathion, but prostration was achieved more quickly in roaches first treated with TOCP, suggesting that TOCP treatment potentiated TEPP and parathion poisoning. Studies of electrical nervous activity in roaches showed that nervous conduction was not interfered with by ALiE inhibition. Synaptic nervous transmission was disrupted by inhibition of AChE with TEPP. Axonic nervous transmission was unimpaired although AChE was found to be inhibited.

ACETYLCHOLINE IN PERIPLANETA AMERICANA L.: III. ACETYLCHOLINE IN ROACHES TREATED WITH TETRAETHYL PYROPHOSPHATE AND 2,2-BIS(p-CHLOROPHENYL)-1,1,1-TRICHLOROETHANE

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 259-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. H. Colhoun
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Topical Treatment ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Nerve Cord ◽  
Nervous Tissue ◽  
Periplaneta Americana ◽  
Nervous Activity ◽  
Thoracic Nerve ◽  
Physiological Properties ◽  
Nerve Cords

The levels of acetylcholine (ACh) in the thoracic nerve cords of cockroaches were increased by the topical application of 2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane (DDT) and of tetraethyl pyrophosphate (TEPP), but only TEPP inhibited cholinesterase (ChE). Improvements in the correlation of symptoms, nervous activity, and ACh levels with ChE were obtained when nerve cords were homogenized in saline containing ACh, which prevented further inhibition of ChE by TEPP found to be present in blood and nervous tissue. There was a similarity in the distribution of ACh in thoracic nerve cords of roaches after topical treatment with TEPP and DDT but the physiological properties of the blood revealed differences in the mode of action of the two insecticides. The effects of blood from the poisoned insects on the electrical activity of the isolated nerve cord of roaches are discussed in relation to the penetration of the nerve cord by known neurohumors.

Esterase inhibition during several immature worker stages ofApis melliferafollowing topical application of DDVP insecticide

1996 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
V L C Figueiredo ◽  
M M G Bitondi ◽  
Z L Paulino-simõ;es
Keyword(s):  
Topical Application ◽  
Esterase Inhibition

scholarly journals Croonian Lecture.―The messages in sensory nerve fibres and their interpretation

1931 ◽  
Vol 109 (760) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous Activity ◽  
Sensory Nerve ◽  
Electrical Measurement ◽  
The Body ◽  
Local Motion ◽  
Physical Sciences ◽  
Nerve Fibres ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Nervous Conduction

The nervous apparatus which intervenes between stimulus and sensation has been the subject of more than one Croonian lecture. It may claim to be a suitable topic for a discourse on the “Causes and reasons of the phenomena of local motion,” but it is a dangerous topic as well, since it forces us to consider the mind as well as the body and to attempt the measurement of phenomena which lie outside the framework of the physical sciences. But in spite of its many difficulties the field is one in which mental and material changes are brought into the closest possible relation, and it should be worth exploring if for this reason alone. The sensory apparatus is most often studied by comparing stimulus and sensation. The method discussed in this lecture is a recent introduction scarcely assimilated to the older lines of work; it deals with an intermediate link in the chain, for it attempts to compare both stimulus and sensation with the messages which pass up the sensory nerve fibres. It has depended on an improvement in the technique of nerve physiology and it is sad to recall that this improvement followed closely on the death of the investigator who was most fitted to profit by it. Nineteen years ago Keith Lucas, then only 33 years of age, delivered the Croonian lecture on the "Process of Excitation in Nerve and Muscle.” His lecture is a characteristic example of the rigid analytic method which he used in formulating the problems of nervous activity, but it does not reveal the mastery of experimental technique which enabled him to solve them. Much of his later work dealt with the action currents of nerve, the brief electric changes which are our main clue in the study of nervous conduction. He used the capillary electrometer to record them and his design of the electrometer system and of the machine for analysing its records showed his remarkable gifts on the instrumental side; it is quite certain that our knowledge of all that takes place in the nervous system would have advanced much further by now had he lived to make use of the newer methods of electrical measurement.

ACETYLCHOLINE IN PERIPLANETA AMERICANA L.: III. ACETYLCHOLINE IN ROACHES TREATED WITH TETRAETHYL PYROPHOSPHATE AND 2,2-BIS(p-CHLOROPHENYL)-1,1,1-TRICHLOROETHANE

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. H. Colhoun
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Topical Treatment ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Nerve Cord ◽  
Nervous Tissue ◽  
Periplaneta Americana ◽  
Nervous Activity ◽  
Thoracic Nerve ◽  
Physiological Properties ◽  
Nerve Cords

The levels of acetylcholine (ACh) in the thoracic nerve cords of cockroaches were increased by the topical application of 2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane (DDT) and of tetraethyl pyrophosphate (TEPP), but only TEPP inhibited cholinesterase (ChE). Improvements in the correlation of symptoms, nervous activity, and ACh levels with ChE were obtained when nerve cords were homogenized in saline containing ACh, which prevented further inhibition of ChE by TEPP found to be present in blood and nervous tissue. There was a similarity in the distribution of ACh in thoracic nerve cords of roaches after topical treatment with TEPP and DDT but the physiological properties of the blood revealed differences in the mode of action of the two insecticides. The effects of blood from the poisoned insects on the electrical activity of the isolated nerve cord of roaches are discussed in relation to the penetration of the nerve cord by known neurohumors.

Ultrastructure of Mouse Basal Cell Carcinoma Exhibiting Sebaceous Differentiation

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 738-739
Author(s):  
Victoria L. Wade ◽  
Winslow G. Sheldon ◽  
James W. Townsend ◽  
William Allaben
Keyword(s):  
Basal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Topical Application ◽  
Basal Cell ◽  
Sebaceous Gland ◽  
Rats And Mice ◽  
Mixed Tumors

Sebaceous gland tumors and other tumors exhibiting sebaceous differentiation have been described in humans (1,2,3). Tumors of the sebaceous gland can be induced in rats and mice following topical application of carcinogens (4), but spontaneous mixed tumors of basal cell origin rarely occur in mice.

Exacerbation of atopic dermatitis. Production by topical application of retinoic acid

1972 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. G. Krueger
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Topical Application

Topical Application of Capsaicin Reduces Visceral Adipose Fat by Affecting Adipokine Levels in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice

Obesity ◽  
2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gong-Rak Lee ◽  
Mi Kyung Shin ◽  
Dong-Joon Yoon ◽  
Ah-Ram Kim ◽  
Rina Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Topical Application ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Visceral Adipose
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