Culture methods and detection of glucanases in suspension cultures of wheat and barley

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 417-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluf L. Gamborg ◽  
D. E. Eveleigh
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Suspension Cultures ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Triticum Vulgare ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Suspension cultures of Triticum monococcum L., Triticum vulgare Vill. var. Thatcher, Hordeum vulgare L. var. Gateway, and Hordeum vulgare L. var. Gateway mutant yv2 have been established. The cultures were derived from root sections of seedlings and cultured in a denned medium consisting of mineral salts, sucrose, B vitamins, and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, with nitrate and ammonia as the sources of nitrogen. In the early period of the cultures the cell aggregates readily, differentiated to form roots, but this characteristic diminished after several generations of subculture. The cells and medium contained a number of glucanases. The presence of a laminaranase (endo-β-(1 → 3)-D-glucan glucanohydrolase (EC 3.2.1.99)) that did not attack lichenan was established. The culture media of the wheat contained an oligosaccharide which on acid hydrolysis yielded galactose, arabinose, and xylose. Hydrolysis of a cell-wall fraction yielded the same sugars in addition to glucose and mannose.

Evaluation of 10 Canadian barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars for tissue culture response

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. R. Baillie ◽  
K. K. Kartha ◽  
B. G. Rossnagel
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Tissue Culture Response ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Best Response ◽  
Regenerated Plants ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Ten Canadian barley cultivars — Abee, Deuce, Ellice, Harrington, Manley, Bonanza, Conquest, Duke, Heartland, and Samson — were evaluated for tissue-culture response. Callus was obtained from embryos 3–5 d post anthesis from all cultivars. Fertile plants were regenerated from eight. Abee cultures gave the best response in terms of the number of plants regenerated, while Bonanza and Samson cultures produced no regenerated plants. Heartland and Deuce were selected for further study to determine optimum growth-regulator concentrations for callus production and plant regeneration. Two growth regulators — 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T) — were evaluated at five concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0 and 10 mg L−1). Maximum regeneration rates were achieved with Gamborg’s B5 medium supplemented with 2.5 mg L−1 2,4-D. Thirty-four Heartland and 19 Deuce regenerants were produced per 100 embryos cultured. Key words: Barley, growth regulators, Hordeum vulgare, regeneration, tissue culture

scholarly journals Effects of Plant Growth Regulators and Sugars on Ehretia asperula Zoll. et Mor. Cell Cultures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.T.M. Tram ◽  
N.K. Suong ◽  
L.T.T. Tien
Keyword(s):  
Cell Suspension ◽  
Callus Induction ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Cell Suspension Cultures ◽  
Suspension Cultures ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Human Immune System ◽  
Friable Callus ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Background: Belonging to the Boraginacae family, Ehretia asperula Zoll. et Mor., called “Xa den”, is a precious medicinal plant also known as the “cancer tree” by the Muong ethnic group in Hoa Binh Province, Vietnam. Xa den has been demonstrated to inhibit the development of malignant tumors, reduce oxidation and enhance the human immune system. This research focused on examining friable callus induction from young stems of Ehretia asperula Zoll. et Mor. Methods: Samples of Xa den were less than two years old. Young stems with 2 to 6 leaves served as explants for callus induction. Explants placed on autoclaved B5 nutrients incubated at 25oC, in the dark. The testing factors were concentrations of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and Benzyl adenine (BA), types and concentrations of sugars.Result: Friable callus was induced on B5 medium with 0.4 mg/L of 2,4-D, 0.1 mg/L of BA and 30 g/L of glucose at the highest rate (100%). Additionally, callus grew best after 5 weeks of culture weighing 0.194 g. Friable callus was used as material for cell suspension cultures. After two weeks, the Xa den cell suspension cultures contained single cells and small cell clumps. The liquid medium had changed from dark yellow to light brown.

Absorption and Dissipation of TCA by Wheat and Oats

Weed Science ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 492-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul N. P. Chow
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Trichloroacetic Acid ◽  
Potassium Cyanide ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
The Difference ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

In the greenhouse, five crops were grown in soil containing trichloroacetic acid (TCA) at 3 to 24 ppm. Based on seedling yields, corn (Zea mays L., var. Morden 88) and oats (Avena sativa L., var. Rodney) were relatively tolerant to TCA at all rates, barley (Hordeum vulgare L., var. Conquest) and rye (Secale cereale L., var. Antelope) were tolerant at lower rates, but wheat (Triticum aestivum L., var. Manitou) suffered injury at all rates. When TCA-2-14C was applied to the roots of wheat and oats seedlings in water or nutrient solution, wheat seedlings absorbed more TCA-2-14C than oats. Potassium cyanide (KCN) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) decreased TCA-2-14C absorption by wheat more than that by oats. From 5 to 21 days after application, wheat retained two to four times as much TCA-2-14C as oats. Thus, half of the TCA-2-14C in shoots and roots of wheat disappeared in 11.3 and 11.4 days, respectively, compared with 7.9 and 3.5 days for oats. Based on this investigation, the difference in susceptibility of wheat and oats to TCA appeared to be governed by the metabolic processes involved in absorption and dissipation.

Evaluation of the Enhanced Regeneration System for in vitro regeneration in barley

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-69
Author(s):  
Seedhabadee Ganeshan ◽  
Brian J Weir ◽  
Monica Båga ◽  
Brian G Rossnagel ◽  
Ravindra N Chibbar
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Embryogenic Callus ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
In Vitro Regeneration ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Regeneration System ◽  
Embryogenic Calli ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Best Response

A simple two-step model for evaluation of in vitro regeneration protocols is proposed based on callus induction and regeneration from immature scutella of two Canadian barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) genotypes, AC Metcalfe and SB92559 using the Enhanced Regeneration System (ERS). The number of explants producing embryogenic callus, the number of plants per embryogenic callus and the number of plants per explant were considered. Tissue culture parameters included three combinations of growth regulators, two carbon sources in culture media, and three cold treatment regimes of spikes prior to scutella isolation. Culture medium containing 5 µM 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) and 0.5 µM benzyl adenine (BA) induced the highest percent of embryogenic calli and the highest number of shoots per embryogenic callus from AC Metcalfe. Medium containing 3.75 µM 2,4-D and 0.75 µM BA gave the best response for SB92559. Both genotypes produced more shoots on maltose than on sucrose medium. A 2-d treatment of spikes at 4°C resulted in best response for SB92559. Regeneration response from AC Metcalfe scutella from spikes was unaffected by being subjected to 2, 4 or 6 d of cold. Conditions resulting in best responses from both genotypes were tested on four commercial barley varieties. However, these lines showed inferior regeneration compared to SB92559 and AC Metcalfe. Key words: Hordeum vulgare, scutella, embryogenic callus, shoot production

Physiological response of culture media-grown barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) to titanium oxide nanoparticles

2017 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Kořenková ◽  
Martin Šebesta ◽  
Martin Urík ◽  
Marek Kolenčík ◽  
Gabriela Kratošová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Titanium Oxide ◽  
Physiological Response ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Titanium Oxide Nanoparticles
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