Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation disinfection of Stachybotrys chartarum

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (9) ◽  
pp. 801-804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher F Green ◽  
Craig S Davidson ◽  
Pasquale V Scarpino ◽  
Shawn G Gibbs
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Dose ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Stachybotrys Chartarum ◽  
Surface Dose ◽  
Ultraviolet Germicidal Irradiation ◽  
Airborne Fungal Spores ◽  
Dose Ranging ◽  
Agar Surface ◽  
Higher Doses

The ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) dose necessary to inactivate fungal spores on an agar surface and the efficacy of UVGI were determined for cultures of Stachybotrys chartarum (ATCC 208877). This study employed a UVGI testing unit consisting of four chambers with a 9-W, Phillips, low pressure, mercury UVGI lamp in each chamber. The testing unit's apertures were adjusted to provide 50, 100, 150, and 200 µW/cm2 of uniform flux to the Petri dish surfaces, resulting in a total UVGI surface dose ranging from 12 to 144 mJ/cm2. The UVGI dose necessary to inactivate 90% of the S. chartarum was greater than the maximum dose of 144 mJ/cm2 evaluated in this study. While UVGI has been used to inactivate several strains of culturable fungal spores, S. chartarum was not susceptible to an appropriate dose of UVGI. The results of this study may not correlate directly to the effect of UVGI on airborne fungal spores. However, they indicate that current technology may not be efficacious as a supplement to ventilation unless it can provide higher doses of UVGI to kill spores, such as S. chartarum, traveling through the irradiated zone.Key words: Stachybotrys chartarum (synonyms S. atra, S. alternana), ultraviolet germicidal irradiation, fungi.

Disinfection of selected Aspergillus spp. using ultraviolet germicidal irradiation

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher F Green ◽  
Pasquale V Scarpino ◽  
Paul Jensen ◽  
Nancy J Jensen ◽  
Shawn G Gibbs
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Testing Unit ◽  
Ultraviolet Germicidal Irradiation ◽  
Airborne Fungal Spores ◽  
Agar Surface ◽  
Petri Dishes ◽  
Higher Doses

Aims: The efficacy of ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) and the UVGI dose necessary to inactivate fungal spores on an agar surface for cultures of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus fumigatus were determined. Methods and results: A four-chambered UVGI testing unit with a 9-W, Phillips, low pressure, mercury UVGI lamp in each chamber was used in this study. An aperture was adjusted to provide 50, 100, 150, and 200 µW/cm2 of uniform flux to the surfaces of the Petri dish, resulting in a total UVGI dose to the surface of the Petri dishes ranging from 12 to 96 mJ/cm2. The UVGI dose necessary to inactivate 90% of the A. flavus and A. fumigatus was 35 and 54 mJ/cm2, respectively. Conclusions: UVGI can be used to inactivate culturable fungal spores. Aspergillus flavus was more susceptible than A. fumigatus to UVGI. Significance and impact of the study: These results may not be directly correlated to the effect of UVGI on airborne fungal spores, but they indicate that current technology may not be efficacious as a supplement to ventilation unless it can provide higher doses of UVGI to kill spores traveling through the irradiated zone.Key words: Aspergillus, ultraviolet germicidal irradiation, fungi.

Airborne fungal spores in a sawmill environment in Palakkad District, Kerala, India

Aerobiologia ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Padmanabhan S. Jothish ◽  
Themath Soman Nayar
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Airborne Fungal Spores

scholarly journals ESTIMATION OF ENTRANCE SURFACE RADIATION DOSE TO THYROID REGION IN COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY BRAIN EXAMINATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Visakh T ◽  
Suresh Sukumar ◽  
Abhimanyu Pradhan
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Maximum Dose ◽  
Surface Radiation ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Surface Dose ◽  
Brain Scan ◽  
Convenience Sampling ◽  
Ct Brain ◽  
Brain Examination

Objective: The objective of this study was to estimate the entrance surface radiation dose to the thyroid region in a computed tomography (CT) brain scan.Methods: Unfors Multi-O-Meter equipment was used to measure the entrance surface at the thyroid region of adult patients ranging from 18 to 70 years of age. A total of 115 patients were included in the study based on convenience sampling. The Multi-O-Meter was kept at the thyroid region during the scan, and the values for entrance surface dose (ESD) were noted from its monitor after the scan was complete.Results: The obtained data were analyzed and violate normal distribution; therefore, the median and quartiles were computed. The overall median (Q1, Q2), ESD of the patients, was 1.335 (1.213, 1.529) mGy. The minimum and maximum dose values recorded were 1.015 mGy and 1.964 mGy, respectively.Conclusions: The result showed a significant amount of entrance surface radiation dose to the thyroid region while taking a brain scan. This data can be used for optimization of radiation protection while undergoing CT scans of brain to reduce exposure to thyroid region.

Airborne fungal spores, pollen grains, and vegetable cells in routine Papanicolaou smears

2004 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 381-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Martínez-Girón ◽  
Andrés Ribas-Barceló ◽  
M Teresa García-Miralles ◽  
Dolores López-Cabanilles ◽  
M Luisa Tamargo-Peláez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Airborne Fungal Spores ◽  
Papanicolaou Smears

scholarly journals Allergenic fungal spores in the air of urban parks

Aerobiologia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Idalia Kasprzyk ◽  
Agnieszka Grinn-Gofroń ◽  
Agata Ćwik ◽  
Katarzyna Kluska ◽  
Paloma Cariñanos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Urban Parks ◽  
Volumetric Method ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Seasonal Occurrence ◽  
Aerobiological Monitoring ◽  
Urban Green ◽  
Urban Green Spaces ◽  
Airborne Fungal Spores ◽  
Burkard Sampler

Abstract Urban green spaces, especially urban parks, are essential for the proper functioning of cities, but they can be a serious source of airborne fungal spores. Aerobiological monitoring was carried out in urban parks of different typology to estimate the risk associated with fungal spores for citizens. Volumetric method was applied with the use of portable Burkard Sampler. In the air of the studied parks, the most dominant spores are strong allergenic or considered as potentially allergenic. Cladosporium spores were found in enormous concentrations in all studied parks, and it affected the low biodiversity of fungal spores in the parks. Compared to Cladosporium, concentrations of Alternaria spores in the air were several dozen times lower, but still a risk for people who are allergic. The fungal spores spectra and their seasonal occurrence in each park were similar. The highest similarities in the patterns of the season were found in the case of Cladosporium, Alternaria, Epicoccum, and the lowest in the case of Torula and Drechslera type. Due to the fact that allergy sufferers are most often polysensitized, the period when they should limit long visits in the urban parks is July–August, when the concentration of allergenic fungal spores of many taxa is the highest.

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