AbstractThe solitary structures of the ion-acoustic waves have been considered in a plasma consisting of warm adiabatic ions and non-thermal electrons (due to the presence of fast energetic electrons) having a vortex-like velocity distribution function (due to the presence of trapped electrons), immersed in a uniform (space-independent) and static (time-independent) magnetic field. The nonlinear dynamics of ion-acoustic waves in such a plasma is governed by the Schamel's modified Korteweg–de Vries–Zakharov–Kuznetsov (S-ZK) equation. This equation admits solitary wave solutions having a profile sech4. When the coefficient of the nonlinear term of this equation vanishes, the vortex-like velocity distribution function of electrons simply becomes the non-thermal velocity distribution function of electrons and the nonlinear behaviour of the same ion-acoustic wave is described by a Korteweg–de Vries–Zakharov–Kuznetsov (KdV-ZK) equation. This equation admits solitary wave solutions having a profile sech2. A combined S–KdV–ZK equation more efficiently describes the nonlinear behaviour of an ion-acoustic wave when the vortex-like velocity distribution function of electrons approaches the non-thermal velocity distribution function of electrons, i.e. when the contribution of trapped electrons tends to zero. This combined S-KdV-ZK equation admits an alternative solitary wave solution having a profile different from either sech4 or sech2. The condition for the existence of this alternative solitary wave solution has been derived. It is found that this alternative solitary wave solution approaches the solitary wave solution (the sech2 profile) of the KdV-ZK equation when the contribution of trapped electrons tends to zero. The three-dimensional stability of these solitary waves propagating obliquely to the external uniform and static magnetic field has been investigated by the multiple-scale perturbation expansion method of Allen and Rowlands. The instability condition and the growth rate of the instability have been derived at the lowest order. It is also found that the instability condition and growth rate of instability of the alternative solitary waves are exactly the same as those of the solitary waves as determined from the KdV-ZK equation (the sech2 profile) when the contribution of trapped electrons tends to zero.
Effect of cooler electrons on a compressive ion acoustic solitary wave in a warm ion plasma — Forbidden regions, double layers, and supersolitons
