Magnetism as a Relativistic Effect

2021 ◽  
pp. 285-288
Keyword(s):  
Relativistic Effect

INVESTIGATION OF THE ABSOLUTENESS OF TIME

2021 ◽  
pp. 51-54
Author(s):  
S. Tiguntsev
Keyword(s):  
High Precision ◽  
Gravitational Potential ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Relativistic Effect ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Clock Frequency ◽  
Positioning Systems ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Flow Of Time ◽  
The Difference

In classical physics, time is considered absolute. It is believed that all processes, regardless of their complexity, do not affect the flow of time The theory of relativity determines that the flow of time for bodies depends both on the speed of movement of bodies and on the magnitude of the gravitational potential. It is believed that time in space orbit passes slower due to the high speed of the spacecraft, and faster due to the lower gravitational potential than on the surface of the Earth. Currently, the dependence of time on the magnitude of the gravitational potential and velocity (relativistic effect) is taken into account in global positioning systems. However, studying the relativistic effect, scientists have made a wrong interpretation of the difference between the clock frequency of an orbiting satellite and the clock frequency on the Earth's surface. All further studies to explain the relativistic effect were carried out according to a similar scenario, that is, only the difference in clock frequencies under conditions of different gravitational potentials was investigated. While conducting theoretical research, I found that the frequency of the signal changes along the way from the satellite to the receiver due to the influence of Earth's gravity. It was found that the readings of two high-precision clocks located at different heights will not differ after any period of time, that is, it is shown that the flow of time does not depend on the gravitational potential. It is proposed to conduct full-scale experiments, during which some high-precision clocks are sent aboard the space station, while others remain in the laboratory on the surface of the earth. It is expected that the readings of the satellite clock will be absolutely identical to the readings of the clock in the Earth laboratory.

Observation of an underlying relativistic effect in the valence bands of Pt

2007 ◽  
Vol 601 (23) ◽  
pp. L127-L131 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.-W. Yu ◽  
J.G. Tobin
Keyword(s):  
Relativistic Effect ◽  
Valence Bands

Relativistic quantum bouncing particles in a homogeneous gravitational field

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150098
Author(s):  
Ar Rohim ◽  
Kazushige Ueda ◽  
Kazuhiro Yamamoto ◽  
Shih-Yuin Lin
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Field ◽  
Relativistic Effect ◽  
Relativistic Quantum ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Nonrelativistic Limit ◽  
Wave Functions ◽  
Dirac Equations ◽  
Rindler Coordinates ◽  
Klein Gordon ◽  
Homogeneous Gravitational Field

In this paper, we study the relativistic effect on the wave functions for a bouncing particle in a gravitational field. Motivated by the equivalence principle, we investigate the Klein–Gordon and Dirac equations in Rindler coordinates with the boundary conditions mimicking a uniformly accelerated mirror in Minkowski space. In the nonrelativistic limit, all these models in the comoving frame reduce to the familiar eigenvalue problem for the Schrödinger equation with a fixed floor in a linear gravitational potential, as expected. We find that the transition frequency between two energy levels of a bouncing Dirac particle is greater than the counterpart of a Klein–Gordon particle, while both are greater than their nonrelativistic limit. The different corrections to eigen-energies of particles of different nature are associated with the different behaviors of their wave functions around the mirror boundary.

Relativity and the periodic table

2020 ◽  
Vol 378 (2180) ◽  
pp. 20190305
Author(s):  
N. C. Pyper
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Angular Momentum ◽  
Periodic Table ◽  
Relativistic Effect ◽  
Relativistic Quantum ◽  
Binding Energies ◽  
Heavy Elements ◽  
Oxidation States ◽  
Relativistic Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Chemical Behaviour

The periodic table provides a deep unifying principle for understanding chemical behaviour by relating the properties of different elements. For those belonging to the fifth and earlier rows, the observations concerning these properties and their interrelationships acquired a sound theoretical basis by the understanding of electronic behaviour provided by non-relativistic quantum mechanics. However, for elements of high nuclear charge, such as occur in the sixth and higher rows of the periodic table, the systematic behaviour explained by non-relativistic quantum mechanics begins to fail. These problems are resolved by realizing that relativistic quantum mechanics is required in heavy elements where electrons velocities can reach significant fractions of the velocity of light. An essentially non-mathematical description of relativistic quantum mechanics explains how relativity modifies valence electron behaviour in heavy elements. The direct relativistic effect, arising from the relativistic increase of the electron mass with velocity, contracts orbitals of low angular momentum, increasing their binding energies. The indirect relativistic effect causes valence orbitals of high angular momentum to be more effectively screened as a result of the relativistic contraction of the core orbitals. In the alkali and alkaline earths, the s orbital contractions reverse the chemical trends on descending these groups, with heavy elements becoming less reactive. For valence d and f electrons, the indirect relativistic effect enhances the reductions in their binding energies on descending the periodic table. The d electrons in the heavier coinage metals thus become more chemically active, which causes these elements to exhibit higher oxidation states. The indirect effect on d orbitals causes the chemistries of the sixth-row transition elements to differ significantly from the very similar behaviours of the fourth and fifth-row transition series. The relativistic destabilization of f orbitals causes lanthanides to be chemically similar, forming mainly ionic compounds in oxidation state three, while allowing the earlier actinides to show a richer range of chemical behaviour with several higher oxidation states. For the 7p series of elements, relativity divides the non-relativistic p shell of three degenerate orbitals into one of much lower energy with the energies of the remaining two being substantially increased. These orbitals have angular shapes and spin distributions so different from those of the non-relativistic ones that the ability of the 7p elements to form covalent bonds is greatly inhibited. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Mendeleev and the periodic table’.

scholarly journals The Energy Emission of Sheets in the The Pulsar Magnetosphere

1992 ◽  
Vol 128 ◽  
pp. 114-116
Author(s):  
Tong Yi ◽  
Li Zhong Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Relativistic Effect ◽  
Emission Mechanism ◽  
Pulsar Magnetosphere ◽  
Current Sheets ◽  
Light Cylinder ◽  
Energy Emission

AbstractWe present a possible emission mechanism based on the idea of current sheets in magnetohydrodynamice. The current sheets are formed close to the light cylinder due to a relativistic effect involving partly frozen-in particles. We estimate that the energy emitted by the current sheets fits the observations fairly well.

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