Information Loss: Potential for Accelerating Natural Genetic Attenuation of RNA Viruses

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wesley H. Brewer ◽  
Franzine D. Smith ◽  
John C. Sanford
Keyword(s):  
Rna Viruses ◽  
Information Loss

Oncogenesis and the Lucké Virus

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 200-201
Author(s):  
A. E. Vatter ◽  
J. Zambernard
Keyword(s):  
Rna Viruses ◽  
Vegetative State ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Structural Level ◽  
Oncogenic Viruses ◽  
Dna Viruses ◽  
Leopard Frogs ◽  
Renal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Induced Tumors ◽  
Northern Leopard Frogs

Oncogenic viruses, like viruses in general, can be divided into two classes, those that contain deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and those that contain ribonucleic acid (RNA). The RNA viruses have been recovered readily from the tumors which they cause whereas, the DNA-virus induced tumors have not yielded the virus. Since DNA viruses cannot be recovered, the bulk of present day investigations have been concerned with RNA viruses.The Lucké renal adenocarcinoma is a spontaneous tumor which occurs in northern leopard frogs (Rana pipiens) and has received increased attention in recent years because of its probable viral etiology. This hypothesis was first advanced by Lucké after he observed intranuclear inclusions in some of the tumor cells. Tumors with inclusions were examined at the fine structural level by Fawcett who showed that they contained immature and mature virus˗like particles.The use of this system in the study of oncogenic tumors offers several unique features, the virus has been shown to contain DNA and it can be recovered from the tumor, also, it is temperature sensitive. This latter feature is of importance because the virus can be transformed from a latent to a vegetative state by lowering or elevating the environmental temperature.

KETIDAKPADANAN DIKSI TERJEMAHAN ACHMAD SUNARTO DALAM BUKU TERJEMAH TA’LIM MUTA’ALIM

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ibnu Pamungkas ◽  
Izzuddin Musthafa ◽  
Muhammad Nurhasan
Keyword(s):  
Information Loss ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Knowledge Based

Ta’lim Muta’alim is Syaikh al-Zarnūjī’s opus that consists of norms, ethics, and rules for gaining knowledge based on Islamic teachings. Thus, claimants of science could reach their goals to obtain it. This book was translated by Achmad Sunarto into Indonesian language and published by Husaini Publisher in Bandung. After reading it totally, researcher found mistakes in translation, especially mistakes in words selection (diction) in translation. And after analyzed it, researcher formulate the mistakes into 4 parts, (1) translation that is the result of direct transliteration from SL without considering its compability in TL, (2) existence of information loss and gain that effects the translation itself and makes it unsuitable, (3) choosing a word which is not suit with the meaning reference from the source text, (4) translation is unacceptable in TL because it is translated literally.

The Role of microRNAs in the Viral Infections

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (39) ◽  
pp. 4659-4667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mona Fani ◽  
Milad Zandi ◽  
Majid Rezayi ◽  
Nastaran Khodadad ◽  
Hadis Langari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infections ◽  
Rna Viruses ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Viral Genes ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Post Transcriptional Regulation

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs with 19 to 24 nucleotides which are evolutionally conserved. MicroRNAs play a regulatory role in many cellular functions such as immune mechanisms, apoptosis, and tumorigenesis. The main function of miRNAs is the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression via mRNA degradation or inhibition of translation. In fact, many of them act as an oncogene or tumor suppressor. These molecular structures participate in many physiological and pathological processes of the cell. The virus can also produce them for developing its pathogenic processes. It was initially thought that viruses without nuclear replication cycle such as Poxviridae and RNA viruses can not code miRNA, but recently, it has been proven that RNA viruses can also produce miRNA. The aim of this articles is to describe viral miRNAs biogenesis and their effects on cellular and viral genes.

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