Faculty Opinions recommendation of Heterocellular induction of interferon by negative-sense RNA viruses.

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Rna Viruses ◽  
Negative Sense

scholarly journals Trimeric Hantavirus Nucleocapsid Protein Binds Specifically to the Viral RNA Panhandle

2004 ◽  
Vol 78 (15) ◽  
pp. 8281-8288 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Mir ◽  
A. T. Panganiban
Keyword(s):  
Nucleocapsid Protein ◽  
Rna Binding ◽  
Rna Viruses ◽  
Sin Nombre Virus ◽  
Viral Capsid ◽  
Genomic Rna ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
N Protein ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
Negative Sense

ABSTRACT Hantaviruses are tripartite negative-sense RNA viruses and members of the Bunyaviridae family. The nucleocapsid (N) protein is encoded by the smallest of the three genome segments (S). N protein is the principal structural component of the viral capsid and is central to the hantavirus replication cycle. We examined intermolecular N-protein interaction and RNA binding by using bacterially expressed Sin Nombre virus N protein. N assembles into di- and trimeric forms. The mono- and dimeric forms exist transiently and assemble into a trimeric form. In contrast, the trimer is highly stable and does not efficiently disassemble into the mono- and dimeric forms. The purified N-protein trimer is able to discriminate between viral and nonviral RNA molecules and, interestingly, recognizes and binds with high affinity the panhandle structure composed of the 3′ and 5′ ends of the genomic RNA. In contrast, the mono- and dimeric forms of N bind RNA to form a complex that is semispecific and salt sensitive. We suggest that trimerization of N protein is a molecular switch to generate a protein complex that can discriminate between viral and nonviral RNA molecules during the early steps of the encapsidation process.

scholarly journals Reverse Genetics for Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus: Current Status and Lessons to Learn from Other Non-segmented Negative-Sense RNA Viruses

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 472-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfred Niyokwishimira ◽  
Yongxi Dou ◽  
Bang Qian ◽  
Prajapati Meera ◽  
Zhidong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Genetics ◽  
Rna Viruses ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Peste Des Petits Ruminants ◽  
Negative Sense

DDX3 inhibitors show antiviral activity against positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses but not against negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses: The coxsackie B model

2020 ◽  
Vol 178 ◽  
pp. 104750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Quaranta ◽  
Giulia Lottini ◽  
Giulia Chesi ◽  
Flavia Contrafatto ◽  
Roberta Russotto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Rna Viruses ◽  
Positive Sense ◽  
Negative Sense ◽  
Coxsackie B

scholarly journals Novel Viruses Found in Antricola Ticks Collected in Bat Caves in the Western Amazonia of Brazil

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Lie Blomström ◽  
Hermes R. Luz ◽  
Pontus Öhlund ◽  
Matthew Lukenge ◽  
Paulo Eduardo Brandão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Viruses ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Dominant Group ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Adult Feeding ◽  
Viral Sequences ◽  
Negative Sense ◽  
Bat Guano

In this study, we describe the viral composition of adult Antricola delacruzi ticks collected in a hot bat cave in the state of Rondônia, Western Amazonia, Brazil. A. delacruzi ticks, are special, compared to many other ticks, in that they feed on both bats (larval blood feeding) and bat guano (nymphal and adult feeding) instead of feeding exclusively on vertebrate hosts (blood feeding). Considering this unique life-cycle it is potentially possible that these ticks can pick up/be infected by viruses not only present in the blood of viremic bats but also by virus shed through the bat guano. The viral metagenomic investigation of adult ticks showed that single-stranded negative-sense RNA viruses were the dominant group of viruses identified in the investigated ticks. Out of these, members of the Nairoviridae family were in clear majority constituting 88% of all viral reads in the data set. Genetic and phylogenetic analyses indicate the presence of several different orthonairoviruses in the investigated ticks with only distant relationship to previously described ones. In addition, identification of viral sequences belonging to Orthomyxoviridae, Iflaviridae, Dicistroviridae, Polycipiviridae, Reoviridae and different unclassified RNA viruses showed the presence of viruses with low sequence similarity to previously described viruses.

scholarly journals Vesicular Stomatitis Virus mRNA Capping Machinery Requires Specific cis-Acting Signals in the RNA

2007 ◽  
Vol 81 (20) ◽  
pp. 11499-11506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer T. Wang ◽  
Lauren E. McElvain ◽  
Sean P. J. Whelan
Keyword(s):  
Vesicular Stomatitis Virus ◽  
Rna Viruses ◽  
Translation Strategies ◽  
Cis Acting ◽  
Specific Manner ◽  
Mrna Capping ◽  
Capping Enzyme ◽  
Vesicular Stomatitis ◽  
Rna Capping ◽  
Negative Sense

ABSTRACT Many viruses of eukaryotes that use mRNA cap-dependent translation strategies have evolved alternate mechanisms to generate the mRNA cap compared to their hosts. The most divergent of these mechanisms are those used by nonsegmented negative-sense (NNS) RNA viruses, which evolved a capping enzyme that transfers RNA onto GDP, rather than GMP onto the 5′ end of the RNA. Working with vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), a prototype of the NNS RNA viruses, we show that mRNA cap formation is further distinct, requiring a specific cis-acting signal in the RNA. Using recombinant VSV, we determined the function of the eight conserved positions of the gene-start sequence in mRNA initiation and cap formation. Alterations to this sequence compromised mRNA initiation and separately formation of the GpppA cap structure. These studies provide genetic and biochemical evidence that the mRNA capping apparatus of VSV evolved an RNA capping machinery that functions in a sequence-specific manner.

scholarly journals Bunyamwera Bunyavirus RNA Synthesis Requires Cooperation of 3′- and 5′-Terminal Sequences

2004 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 1129-1138 ◽  
Author(s):  
John N. Barr ◽  
Gail W. Wertz
Keyword(s):  
Rna Synthesis ◽  
Rna Viruses ◽  
Rna Replication ◽  
Sequence Conservation ◽  
Functional Requirement ◽  
Base Pairing ◽  
Replication Assay ◽  
Perfect Complementarity ◽  
Negative Sense ◽  
Bunyamwera Virus

ABSTRACT Bunyamwera virus (BUNV) is the prototype of both the Orthobunyavirus genus and the Bunyaviridae family of segmented negative-sense RNA viruses. The tripartite BUNV genome consists of small (S), medium (M), and large (L) segments that are each transcribed to yield a single mRNA and are replicated to generate an antigenome that acts as a template for synthesis of further genomic strands. As for all negative-sense RNA viruses, the 3′- and 5′-terminal nontranslated regions (NTRs) of the BUNV S, M, and L segments exhibit nucleotide complementarity and, except for one conserved U-G pairing, this complementarity extends for 15, 18, and 19 nucleotides, respectively. We investigated whether the complementarity of 3′ and 5′ NTRs reflected a functional requirement for terminal cooperation to promote BUNV RNA synthesis or, alternatively, was a consequence of genomic and antigenomic NTRs having similar functions requiring sequence conservation. We show that cooperation between 3′- and 5′-NTR sequences is required for BUNV RNA synthesis, and our results suggest that this cooperation is due to nucleotide complementarity allowing 3′ and 5′ NTRs to associate through base-pairing interactions. To examine the importance of complementarity in promoting BUNV RNA synthesis, we utilized a competitive replication assay able to examine the replication ability of all possible combinations of interacting nucleotides within a defined region of BUNV 3′ and 5′ NTRs. We show here that maximal RNA replication was signaled when sequences exhibiting perfect complementarity within 3′ and 5′ NTRs were selected.

scholarly journals Rice Stripe Tenuivirus Has a Greater Tendency To Use the Prime-and-Realign Mechanism in Transcription of Genomic than in Transcription of Antigenomic Template RNAs

2017 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojuan Liu ◽  
Jing Jin ◽  
Ping Qiu ◽  
Fangluan Gao ◽  
Wenzhong Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Rna Viruses ◽  
Viral Mrnas ◽  
Viral Pathogens ◽  
Promising Target ◽  
Cellular Mrnas ◽  
Sequencing Strategy ◽  
First Time ◽  
Negative Sense

ABSTRACTMost segmented negative-sense RNA viruses employ a process termed cap snatching, during which they snatch capped RNA leaders from host cellular mRNAs and use the snatched leaders as primers for transcription, leading to the synthesis of viral mRNAs with 5′ heterogeneous sequences (HSs). With traditional methods, only a few HSs can be determined, and identification of their donors is difficult. Here, the mRNA 5′ ends ofRice stripe tenuivirus(RSV) andRice grassy stunt tenuivirus(RGSV) and those of their host rice were determined by high-throughput sequencing. Millions of tenuiviral HSs were obtained, and a large number of them mapped to the 5′ ends of corresponding host cellular mRNAs. Repeats of the dinucleotide AC, which are complementary to the U1G2of the tenuiviral template 3′-U1G2U3G4UUUCG, were found to be prevalent at the 3′ termini of tenuiviral HSs. Most of these ACs did not match host cellular mRNAs, supporting the idea that tenuiviruses use the prime-and-realign mechanism during cap snatching. We previously reported a greater tendency of RSV than RGSV to use the prime-and-realign mechanism in transcription with leaders cap snatched from a coinfecting reovirus. Besides confirming this observation in natural tenuiviral infections, the data here additionally reveal that RSV has a greater tendency to use this mechanism in transcribing genomic than in transcribing antigenomic templates. The data also suggest that tenuiviruses cap snatch host cellular mRNAs from translation- and photosynthesis-related genes, and capped RNA leaders snatched by tenuiviruses base pair with U1/U3or G2/G4of viral templates. These results provide unprecedented insights into the cap-snatching process of tenuiviruses.IMPORTANCEMany segmented negative-sense RNA viruses (segmented NSVs) are medically or agriculturally important pathogens. The cap-snatching process is a promising target for the development of antiviral strategies against this group of viruses. However, many details of this process remain poorly characterized. Tenuiviruses constitute a genus of agriculturally important segmented NSVs, several members of which are major viral pathogens of rice. Here, we for the first time adopted a high-throughput sequencing strategy to determine the 5′ heterogeneous sequences (HSs) of tenuiviruses and mapped them to host cellular mRNAs. Besides providing deep insights into the cap snatching of tenuiviruses, the data obtained provide clear evidence to support several previously proposed models regarding cap snatching. Curiously and importantly, the data here reveal that not only different tenuiviruses but also the same tenuivirus synthesizing different mRNAs use the prime-and-realign mechanism with different tendencies during their cap snatching.

scholarly journals Role of the Conserved Nucleotide Mismatch within 3′- and 5′-Terminal Regions of Bunyamwera Virus in Signaling Transcription

2005 ◽  
Vol 79 (6) ◽  
pp. 3586-3594 ◽  
Author(s):  
John N. Barr ◽  
Gail W. Wertz
Keyword(s):  
Rna Synthesis ◽  
Rna Viruses ◽  
Nucleotide Identity ◽  
Nucleotide Position ◽  
Transcription Activity ◽  
Nucleotide Mismatch ◽  
Negative Sense ◽  
Bunyamwera Virus ◽  
Transcription And Replication

ABSTRACT Bunyamwera virus (BUNV) is the prototype of the Bunyaviridae family of tri-partite negative-sense RNA viruses. The three BUNV segments possess 3′ and 5′ nontranslated regions (NTRs) that signal two RNA synthesis activities: (i) transcription to generate mRNAs and (ii) replication to generate antigenomes that are replicated to yield further genomes. While the genome acts as a template for synthesis of both transcription and replication products, the antigenome allows synthesis of only replication products, with mRNAs being undetectable. Here, we investigate the basis for the fundamentally different signaling abilities of genomic and antigenomic strands. We show that the identity of only nucleotide position 9 within the genomic 3′ NTR is critical for the different RNA synthesis characteristics of genomic and antigenomic strands, thus identifying this nucleotide as an essential component of the transcription promoter. This nucleotide is distinctive, as it interrupts an unbroken run of conserved complementary nucleotides within the 3′ and 5′ NTRs of all three segments. Our results show that the conserved mismatched arrangement of this nucleotide plays no detectable role in signaling transcription. Instead, we show that the transcription-signaling ability of this position is entirely dependent on its nucleotide identity. We further show that while a U residue at 3′ position 9 is strongly preferred for transcription activity in the context of the genomic promoter, it does not signal transcription in the context of the antigenomic promoter. Therefore, our results show that the identity of 3′ position 9 is crucial for signaling BUNV transcription; however, it is not the sole determinant.

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