Competition Mathematics as a Complement and Enhancement for In-Class Instruction

Background/Context A common perspective found in the literature on classroom activity structures hypothesizes that a whole-class mode of instruction is linked with increased problems of achievement motivation for low-achieving students. If whole-class methods of instruction (e.g., recitation-style question-and-answer sessions) are rich in evaluation and foster social comparisons among students, low-achieving students may become disengaged in an effort to avoid negative evaluations. It is important to consider the evidence on activity structures and engagement carefully because this perspective represents a sweeping critique, concluding essentially that the predominant mode of instruction in American schools is detrimental to achieving widespread educational success. Purpose/Objective/Research Question/Focus of Study Are whole-class modes of instruction linked with increased problems of achievement motivation and disengagement for low-achieving students? Research Design This study is a review of research on the association between student engagement and activity structure. We review both quantitative and qualitative studies investigating the link between activity structure and student engagement, with an emphasis on studies that identify an interaction between students’ level of achievement, activity structure, and engagement. In interpreting the evidence, we focus on studies of classroom discourse—particularly studies of dialogic and scaffolding instruction, which illustrate variability in the effects of whole-class instruction on student engagement. Conclusions/Recommendations Although many relationships between motivational climates and levels of engagement have been clearly documented, we find no conclusive evidence of a link between whole-class instruction and disengagement among low-achieving students. Research on classroom discourse illustrates that the activities that constitute whole-class instruction are not inherently problematic for low-achieving students and can, in fact, promote engagement.

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Class Instruction and Education: Gessner and Zurich

Storing, Archiving, Organizing ◽

10.1163/9789004334854_023 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 232-259

Keyword(s):

Class Instruction

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Chapter IV: Reading Skills: Self-Directed Individualized Vs. Uniform Class Instruction

Journal of Education ◽

10.1177/002205746114300304 ◽

1961 ◽

Vol 143 (3) ◽

pp. 27-32 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Keyword(s):

Reading Skills ◽

Class Instruction

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PENGEMBANGAN MODEL BUKU PELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA BERBASIS PEMBELAJARAN KONTEKSTUAL

Diksi ◽

10.21831/diksi.v15i1.6560 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Maman Suryaman

Keyword(s):

Junior High School ◽

Work Performance ◽

Collaborative Work ◽

Research Subjects ◽

Specific Objective ◽

Self Development ◽

Questions And Answers ◽

Basic Competency ◽

Class Instruction ◽

Modeling Strategy

This article is about a research with the objective of discovering a modelfor a course book based on contextual instruction for junior high school classes ofIndonesian. To achieve the objective, in the first phase of the research, that is, in thefirst year, 2007, the research had the specific objective of discoveringmanifestations of contextual instruction to serve as starting points in developingthe model. The research subjects consisted of (1) class instruction, (2) students,and (3) course books of Indonesian.The research results indicated the following. (1) When a constructivestrategy is used, the contextual manifestations are, among others, simpleformulations of objectives, uses of operational verbs, the appearance of themes,the mapping of new experiences, an appropriateness of the strategy and methodfrom the point of objectives and learners’ characteristics, and language suitability.(2) When an inquiry strategy is used, the manifestations are, among others, a matchbetween objectives and thematic basic competency indicators, consideration oflearners’ needs, appropriate selection of media, appropriateness of the strategy andmethod from the point of learners’ needs, hypothesis confirmation or testing, andgain of new experience. (3) When a question-and-answer strategy is used, themanifestations are, among others, apperception, questions and answers,encouragement through questions, and asking resource persons questions. (4)When a modeling strategy is used, the manifestations consist of imitation, givingexamples, making use of examples, and variety of examples. (5) When a learningcommunitystrategy is used, the manifestations consist of the discovery of newexperience, problem-solving through group work, development of selfdependenceas well as collaborative work, communication of learning results toothers, communication of works to others, and ethical formation. (6) When anauthentic-assessment strategy is used, the manifestations consist of variety inmethod of assessment, presentation of work, and work performance. (7) When areflection strategy is used, the manifestations consist of linking learning resultswith benefits for learners, self-development, expansion of experience, pursuit ofmeaning, creation of a feeling of pleasure, support of what one dreams to achieve,and creation of motivation. (8) The anatomy of the course book consists of (a) theintroduction, containing the title of the book, preface, table of contents, andorganization of content, (b) the content, containing the material, materialpresentation, and strategy of presentation, and (c) the conclusion, containing theevaluation, reflection, bibliography, index, and relevant answer keys.Keywords: course book, contextual manifestations and strategies

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