AN EOQ MODEL WITH LIMITED STORAGE CAPACITY UNDER TRADE CREDITS

2007 ◽  
Vol 24 (04) ◽  
pp. 575-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
LIANG-YUH OUYANG ◽  
KUN-SHAN WU ◽  
CHIH-TE YANG
Keyword(s):  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Inventory Systems ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Eoq Model ◽  
Trade Credits ◽  
Cash Discount ◽  
Delay In Payments ◽  
Classical Economic ◽  
Theoretical Results

In the classical economic order quantity (EOQ) inventory model, it was assumed that the retailer must pay for the received items immediately. However, in practice, the supplier not only allows retailer to settle the account after a certain fixed period but also may offer a cash discount to encourage the retailer to pay for his purchases as soon as possible. On the other hand, it is common practice in most inventory systems to hold excess stocks in a rented warehouse whenever the storage capacity of the owned warehouse is insufficient. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to establish an EOQ model with limited storage capacity, in which the supplier provides cash discount and permissible delay in payments for the retailer. In the model, we develop some useful theorems to characterize the optimal solution and provide a simple method to find the optimal replenishment cycle time and payment time. Finally, several numerical examples are given to illustrate the theoretical results and some managerial insights are also obtained.

AN EOQ MODEL WITH CONTROLLABLE SELLING RATE

2008 ◽  
Vol 25 (02) ◽  
pp. 151-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
HORNG-JINH CHANG ◽  
PO-YU CHEN
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Function ◽  
Transaction Cost ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Bivariate Distribution ◽  
Inventory Level ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Eoq Model ◽  
Concrete Form ◽  
Demand Rate ◽  
Classical Economic

According to the marketing principle, a decision maker may control demand rate through selling price and the unit facility cost of promoting transaction. In fact, the upper bound of willing-to-pay price and the transaction cost probably depend upon the subjective judgment of individual consumer in purchasing merchandise. This study therefore attempts to construct a bivariate distribution function to simultaneously incorporate the willing-to-pay price and the transaction cost into the classical economic order quantity (EOQ) model. Through the manipulation of the constructed bivariate distribution function, the demand function faced by the supplier can be expressed as a concrete form. The proposed mathematical model mainly concerns how to determine the initial inventory level for each business cycle, so that the profit per unit time is maximized by means of the selling price and the unit-transaction cost to control the selling rate. Furthermore, the sensitivity analysis of optimal solution is performed and the implication of this extended inventory model is also discussed.

scholarly journals An EOQ model for deteriorating items under supplier credits when demand is stock dependent

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-156
Author(s):  
Nita Shah ◽  
Poonam Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Deteriorating Items ◽  
Critical Parameters ◽  
Eoq Model ◽  
Constant Rate ◽  
Cash Discount

In many circumstances retailer is not able to settle the account as soon as items are received. In that scenario supplier can offer two promotional schemes namely cash discount and /or a permissible delay to the customer. In this study, an EOQ model is developed when units in inventory deteriorate at a constant rate and demand is stock dependent. The salvage value is associated to deteriorated units. An algorithm is given to find the optimal solution. The sensitivity analysis is carried out to analyze the effect of critical parameters on optimal solution.

scholarly journals Carbon-Regulated EOQ Models with Consumers’ Low-Carbon Awareness

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhimiao Tao ◽  
Jiuping Xu
Keyword(s):  
Inventory Management ◽  
Carbon Tax ◽  
Optimization Methods ◽  
Inventory Systems ◽  
Optimal Order ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Numerical Examples ◽  
Low Carbon Economy ◽  
Eoq Model ◽  
Classical Economic

In the context of a low-carbon economy, firms must make positive responses in their operation management, including inventory management. Carbon-emission regulation policies have marked their influence on the optimization of low-carbon inventory systems. In addition to regulation policies, consumers’ low-carbon awareness can also influence inventory systems by affecting demand. This study investigates the influence of regulation policies and consumers’ low-carbon awareness on optimal order size, emission levels, and total costs. Two widely used regulation policies, i.e., the carbon-tax mechanism and cap-and-trade mechanism, are incorporated into the classical Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) model. Analytical conclusions were obtained by optimization methods to indicate the influences of regulation policies and consumers’ low-carbon awareness. Our study implies that inventory systems under different regulation policies perform similarly except with regard to total cost. Numerical examples provide more support for these analytical conclusions. Some managerial insights can be derived from the analytical conclusions and numerical examples.

scholarly journals Optimal Replenishment Decisions under Two-Level Trade Credit with Partial Upstream Trade Credit Linked to Order Quantity and Limited Storage Capacity

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chih-Te Yang ◽  
Liang-Yuh Ouyang ◽  
Chang-Hsien Hsu ◽  
Kuo-Liang Lee
Keyword(s):  
Trade Credit ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Economic Order Quantity ◽  
Order Quantity ◽  
Eoq Models ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient ◽  
Theoretical Results

This paper extends the previous economic order quantity (EOQ) models under two-level trade credit such as Goyal (1985), Teng (2002), Huang (2003, 2007), Kreng and Tan (2010), Ouyang et al. (2013), and Teng et al. (2007) to reflect the real-life situations by incorporating the following concepts: (1) the storage capacity is limited, (2) the supplier offers the retailer a partially upstream trade credit linked to order quantity, and (3) both the dispensable assumptions that the upstream trade credit is longer than the downstream trade creditN<Mand the interest charged per dollar per year is larger than or equal to the interest earned per dollar per yearIc<Ieare relaxed. We then study the necessary and sufficient conditions for finding the optimal solution for various cases and establish a useful algorithm to obtain the solution. Finally, numerical examples are given to illustrate the theoretical results and provide the managerial insights.

scholarly journals EOQ Model for Deteriorating Items with Stock-Level-Dependent Demand Rate and Order-Quantity-Dependent Trade Credit

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Min ◽  
Jian Ou ◽  
Yuan-Guang Zhong ◽  
Xin-Bao Liu
Keyword(s):  
Trade Credit ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Deteriorating Items ◽  
Order Quantity ◽  
Eoq Model ◽  
Demand Rate ◽  
Delay In Payments ◽  
Dependent Demand Rate ◽  
Dependent Demand

This paper develops a generalized inventory model for exponentially deteriorating items with current-stock-dependent demand rate and permissible delay in payments. In the model, the payment for the item must be made immediately if the order quantity is less than the predetermined quantity; otherwise, a fixed trade credit period is permitted. The maximization of the average profit per unit of time is taken as the inventory system’s objective. The necessary and sufficient conditions and some properties of the optimal solution to the model are developed. Simple solution procedures are proposed to efficiently determine the optimal ordering policies of the considered problem. Numerical example is also presented to illustrate the solution procedures obtained.

Optimal Policies for Items With Quadratic Demand and Time-Dependent Deterioration Under Two Echelon Trade Credits

2018 ◽  
pp. 32-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azharuddin Sarfuddin Shaikh ◽  
Poonam Prakash Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Trade Credit ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Decision Variable ◽  
Lot Size ◽  
Variable Sensitivity ◽  
Trade Credits ◽  
Total Profit ◽  
Holding Cost ◽  
Delay In Payments ◽  
Home Furnishing

In today's competitive and global business scenario there is always a race to boost demand of your product over others. This can be achieved by different means and allowing permissible delay in payments is one of them. Researchers have proposed number of inventory models with trade credit that actually help to understand effect of trade credit on total profit and overall demand. This paper proposes a two – echelon trade credit where retailer receives credit period from the manufacturer and offer it to end customers appropriately to raise demand. Proposed inventory model assumes quadratic demand and subjected to time dependent deterioration. Ordering cost is considered lot – size dependent whereas holding cost has been taken time dependent. In this model profit is maximized considering cycle time as a decision variable. Sensitivity analysis of crucial inventory parameters and numeric examples are discussed in detail. Outcome of this model can be applied to a huge range of products like readymade garments, fashion accessories, electronics, furniture and home furnishing products.

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