We report an effective approach to fabricate layered-spinel capped nanotube assembled 3D Li-rich hierarchitectures as a cathode material for Li-ion batteries. The resultant material exhibits a reduced first-cycle irreversible capacity loss, rapid Li-ion diffusion rate and excellent cycle stability.
The low initial coulombic efficiency of a Si-based anode can hinder the performance of practical full-cell Li-ion batteries (LIBs), as the irreversible capacity loss of the anode can diminish the reversible full-cell capacity and the energy efficiency.
The modification of lithium-rich layered cathode materials has been widely studied by surface coating, doping and chemical treatment for lithium-ion batteries.
Slow lithium diffusion kinetics of H1 phase during discharge determines the initial irreversible capacity loss of NCM-based materials. By controlling lithium diffusion rate in the discharge process, extra capacity is obtained in the materials.