Role of autonomic nervous system controlling surface tension in fetal rabbit lungs

1977 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 1039-1045 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Corbet ◽  
P. Flax ◽  
A. J. Rudolph
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Adrenergic Receptors ◽  
Static Pressure ◽  
Parasympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Uterine Wall ◽  
System A ◽  
Volume Curve ◽  
Pressure Volume Curve ◽  
Stimulation Of

After the maternal abdomen was opened under methoxyflurane anesthesia, fetal rabbits of 27.5 days gestation were given injections through the intact uterine wall of saline, pilocarpine, isoxsuprine, muscarine, phenylephrine, atropine, phenoxybenzamine, or propranolo, alone or in appropriate combinations. Fetal rabbits were delivered by hysterotomy and killed without breathing 2.5 h later. Static pressure-volume curves with air showed improved retention on deflation in fetal rabbits that had injections of pilocarpine, or isoxsuprine, but not of muscarine or phenylephrine. The effect of pilocarpine on the pressure-volume curve was blocked by atropine, phenoxybenzamine, and propranolol, and the effect of isoxsuprine was blocked by propranolol but not phenoxybenzamine. The data suggest that pilocarpine produces secretion of surfactant into lung air spaces by exciting the sympathetic nervous system, a known function of pilocarpine, rather than the parasympathetic nervous system. This may result in stimulation of the same beta-adrenergic receptors affected by isoxsuprine which is also thought to stimulate surfactant secretion.

scholarly journals Autonomic Regulation of Splanchnic Circulation

1991 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 147-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen A Fraser ◽  
Samuel S Lee
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Adrenergic Receptors ◽  
Splanchnic Circulation ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Vascular Reserve ◽  
Afferent Nerves ◽  
Primary Afferent Nerves ◽  
Stimulation Of

The role of the autonomic nervous system in circulatory regulation of the splanchnic organs (stomach, small intestine, colon, liver, pancreas and spleen) is reviewed. In general, the sympathetic nervous system is primarily involved in vasoconstriction, while the parasympathetic contributes to vasodilation. Vasoconstriction in the splanchnic circulation appears to be mediated by alpha-2 receptors and vasodilation by activation of primary afferent nerves with subsequent release of vasodilatory peptides, or by stimulation of beta-adrenergic receptors. As well, an important function of the autonomic nervous system is to provide a mechanism by which splanchnic vascular reserve can be mobilized during stress to maintain overall cardiovascular homeostasis.

Reduced surface tension in lungs of fetal rabbits injected with pilocarpine

1976 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Corbet ◽  
P. Flax ◽  
A. J. Rudolph
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Intraperitoneal Injection ◽  
Static Pressure ◽  
Uterine Wall ◽  
Volume Curve ◽  
Pressure Volume Curve ◽  
Reduce Surface Tension ◽  
Reduced Surface

After opening the maternal abdomen under methoxyflurane anesthesia, fetal rabbits 25.5–28.5 days gestation were given an intraperitoneal injection of pilocarpine (150 mg/kg) or saline through the intact uterine wall. They were delivered by hysterotomy and sacrificed without breathing 2.5 hlater. Newborn rabbits 29.5 days gestation received an injection of pilocarpine or saline at birth and breathed 30–120 min. Other newborn rabbits 29.5 days gestation were alternately sacrificed at birth or after breathing 30 min. Static pressure-volume curves with air showed decreased recoiland improved air retention on deflation in fetal rabbits 25.5–27.5 days injected with pilocarpine. There was no change in the static pressure-volume curve of lungs filled with saline. The data suggest that pilocarpine reduced surface tension by producing secretion of surfactant into air spaces. No change in lung recoil occurred with pilocarpine at 28.5 days, or withpilocarpine or breathing at 29.5 days. This may mean that air spaces at 28.5–29.5 days contained optimal surfactant, so further secretion of surfactant stimulated by pilocarpine or breathing failed to reduce surface tension.

Role of the sympathetic nervous system in CCl4 hepatotoxicity

1960 ◽  
Vol 198 (3) ◽  
pp. 669-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deane N. Calvert ◽  
Theodore M. Brody
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Liver Mitochondria ◽  
Central Vein ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous ◽  
Adrenergic Blocking ◽  
Stimulation Of

An hypothesis is proposed which states that the characteristic hepatic changes seen after the administration of carbon tetrachloride are the result of stimulation of central sympathetic areas which produce a massive discharge of the peripheral sympathetic nervous system. Stimulation of the sympathetic supply to the blood vessels of the liver results in restriction of blood flow in the liver, leading to anoxia and the characteristic necrosis around the central vein of the hepatic lobule. Similarly the discharge causes the release of unesterified fatty acids from the peripheral fat depots and the consequent deposition of lipid in the liver. This hypothesis is based upon experimental evidence using the following physiologic and pharmacologic maneuvers: adrenergic blocking agents, pretreatment with reserpine, adrenalectomy and section of the spinal cord—all are effective to a greater or lesser extent in preventing the changes characteristically seen in oxidative phosphorylation of the liver mitochondria, activation of a Mg-dependent ATPase and deposition of lipid in the liver. Transection of the spinal cord is the most effective treatment and prevents entirely the characteristic changes seen in the above-mentioned functions.

Interpretation Biases and Childhood Anxiety: The Moderating Role of Parasympathetic Nervous System Reactivity

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika S. Trent ◽  
Andres G. Viana ◽  
Elizabeth M. Raines ◽  
Emma C. Woodward ◽  
Abigail E. Candelari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Parasympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Childhood Anxiety ◽  
Interpretation Biases ◽  
Moderating Role

scholarly journals The role of astrocytes in oxidative stress of central nervous system: A mixed blessing

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaxing Chen ◽  
Chen Qin ◽  
Jianhan Huang ◽  
Xin Tang ◽  
Chang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
System A ◽  
Mixed Blessing

Autonomic modulation of refractoriness in canine specialized His-Purkinje system

1985 ◽  
Vol 248 (5) ◽  
pp. R515-R523
Author(s):  
L. A. Turner ◽  
E. J. Zuperku ◽  
Z. J. Bosnjak ◽  
J. P. Kampine
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Adrenergic Receptors ◽  
Autonomic Modulation ◽  
Sympathetic Stimulation ◽  
Bilateral Stimulation ◽  
Beta Adrenergic Receptors ◽  
Purkinje System ◽  
Vagal Nerves ◽  
Sympathetic Effect ◽  
Stimulation Of

The effects of autonomic efferent stimulation on refractoriness of the specialized His-Purkinje system were examined in open-chest dogs anesthetized with 1.0% halothane. In eight animals submaximal bilateral stimulation of the ventral ansae subclavia decreased (P less than or equal to 0.01) the average functional refractory period for the propagation of His bundle extrastimuli to five ventricular recording sites (HP-FRP) by 10.9 +/- 0.6 ms. Submaximal stimulation of the decentralized vagal nerves that produced first degree atrioventricular block did not affect ventricular refractoriness. Combined vagosympathetic stimulation produced a smaller (P less than or equal to 0.01) decrease of the average HP-FRP (7.2 +/- 1.1 ms) than that produced by sympathetic stimulation alone. Administration of atropine abolished (P less than or equal to 0.05) vagal antagonism of the shortening effect of isoproterenol on the average HP-FRP. Treatment with propranolol reversed (P less than or equal to 0.01) the sympathetic effect on the average HP-FRP and nonuniformly increased refractoriness in the His-Purkinje system. The latter changes were abolished (P less than or equal to 0.05) by infusion of phentolamine. The autonomic nervous system modulates His-Purkinje refractoriness by actions mediated by cholinergic and both alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors.

Evidence for α-adrenergic receptors mediated TSH release in men

1980 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Zgliczyński ◽  
Marek Kaniewski
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Adrenergic Receptors ◽  
Bolus Injection ◽  
Physiological Mechanism ◽  
Adrenergic System ◽  
Trh Stimulation ◽  
Tsh Secretion ◽  
Adrenergic Nervous System

Abstract. In order to elucidate the role of the adrenergic nervous system in the mechanism of TSH release in men the effects of α- and β-receptors blocking agents were studied in 11 healthy volunteers. Phentolamine administetred iv as a bolus injection in a dose of 10 mg, significantly lowered the TSH release in basal condition and in response to TRH stimulation. However, propranolol in a dose of 0.1 mg/kg administered in the same fashion as phentolamine had no effect on the TSH secretion. The results obtained suggest that the α-receptors of the adrenergic system are involved in the physiological mechanism which stimulates TSH release in men.

Parasympathetic nervous system: A silent killer in the early morning hours?

2008 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-310
Author(s):  
Stany W. Lobo ◽  
Ritesh G. Menezes ◽  
Tanuj Kanchan ◽  
Shrinidhi ◽  
K.S. Muhammed Sameer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Parasympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
System A
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