Mechanical coupling of upper and lower canine rib cages and its functional significance

We studied rib cage distortability and reexamined the mechanical action of the diaphragm and the rib cage muscles in six supine anesthetized dogs by measuring changes in upper rib cage cross-sectional area (Aurc) and changes in lower rib cage cross-sectional area (Alrc) and the respective pressures acting on them. During quiet breathing in the intact animal the rib cage behaved as a unit (Aurc: 14.6 +/- 7.9 vs. Alrc: 15.1 +/- 9.6%), whereas considerable distortions of the rib cage occurred during breathing after bilateral phrenicotomy (Aurc: 21.0 +/- 5.1 vs. Alrc: 7.0 +/- 4.8%). These distortions were even more pronounced during phrenic nerve stimulation and separate stimulation of the costal and crural parts of the diaphragm (e.g., phrenic nerve stimulation; Aurc: -7.1 +/- 5.1 vs. Alrc: 6.9 +/- 3.5%). During the latter maneuvers the upper rib cage deflated along the relationship between upper rib cage dimensions and pleural pressure obtained during passive deflation, whereas the lower rib cage inflated close to the relationship between lower rib cage dimensions and abdominal pressure obtained during passive inflation. The latter relationship is expected to differ between costal and crural stimulation, since costal action has both an appositional and insertional component and crural action only has an appositional component. The difference between costal and crural stimulation, however, was relatively small, and the slopes were only slightly steeper for the costal than for the crural stimulation (2.9 +/- 1.2 vs. 2.2 +/- 1.0%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Relationship between parasternal intercostal length and rib cage displacement in dogs

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1985.58.5.1517 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 58 (5) ◽

pp. 1517-1520 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

M. Decramer ◽

M. B. Reid ◽

A. De Troyer

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Area ◽

Sectional Area ◽

Quiet Breathing ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Rib Cage ◽

Active Contraction ◽

Before And After ◽

The Relationship

The relationship between parasternal intercostal length and rib cage cross-sectional area was examined in nine supine dogs during passive inflation and during quiet breathing before and after phrenicotomy. Parasternal intercostal length (PSL) was measured with a sonomicrometry technique, and rib cage cross-sectional area (Arc) was measured with a Respitrace coil placed around the middle rib cage. During active inspiration as well as during passive inflation, PSL decreased as Arc increased. However, the relationship between PSL and Arc during active inspiration, whether in the intact or phrenicotomized animal, was almost invariably different from that during passive inflation, so that the same increase in Arc was associated with a greater decrease in PSL in the former than in the latter instance. This difference between passive inflation and active inspiration is probably due to the active contraction of the parasternals during inspiration and the consequent caudal displacement of the sternum. In upright humans, the sternum moves cephalad and not caudad during inspiration, so the relationship between PSL and Arc during active breathing might be similar to that during passive inflation.

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The Relationship Between the Cross-sectional Area of the Cauda Equina and the Preoperative Symptoms in Central Lumbar Spinal Stenosis

Spine ◽

10.1097/brs.0b013e318060a5f5 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 32 (13) ◽

pp. 1423-1428 ◽

Cited By ~ 64

Author(s):

Osamu Ogikubo ◽

Lillemor Forsberg ◽

Tommy Hansson

Keyword(s):

Spinal Stenosis ◽

Lumbar Spinal Stenosis ◽

Cauda Equina ◽

Cross Sectional Area ◽

Sectional Area ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Cross ◽

Lumbar Spinal ◽

The Relationship

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Identification of the biomechanical factors associated with the perception of distension in the human esophagus

AJP Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpgi.00134.2001 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 282 (4) ◽

pp. G683-G689 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

J. D. Barlow ◽

H. Gregersen ◽

D. G. Thompson

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Area ◽

Sectional Area ◽

Limited Information ◽

Butyl Bromide ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Impedance Planimetry ◽

Sensory Responses ◽

Human Esophagus ◽

Biomechanical Factors ◽

The Relationship

Current techniques used to investigate the mechanisms responsible for the sensory responses to distension of the human esophagus provide limited information because the degree of circumferential stretch required to determine tension can only be inferred. We used impedance planimetry to measure the cross-sectional area during esophageal distension to ascertain the degree of stretch and tension that initiated motor and sensory responses. Hyoscine- N-butyl bromide (HBB), a cholinergic muscarinic receptor blocker, was also used to alter esophageal tension during distension. Motor activity was initiated at a lower degree of stretch and tension than that which initiated sensory awareness; both increased directly with increasing distension. HBB reduced both esophageal motility and tension during distension without altering the relationship between sensation intensity and cross-sectional area. Esophageal stretch, rather than tension, thus appears to be the major factor influencing sensory responses to esophageal distension.

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Changes in airway length after unilateral pneumonectomy in weanling ferrets

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1990.68.1.187 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 68 (1) ◽

pp. 187-192 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

K. K. Kirchner ◽

J. T. McBride

Keyword(s):

Quadratic Equation ◽

Cross Sectional Area ◽

Sectional Area ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Peripheral Airways ◽

Peripheral Airway ◽

The Relationship ◽

Bronchial Casts ◽

Central Airway ◽

Terminal Bronchiole

We have previously shown that airway cross-sectional area increases 15-20% after pneumonectomy in weanling ferrets by measuring bronchial casts. We have now reanalyzed these same casts to quantitate changes in airway length after pneumonectomy. In each cast the distance from each of 120 airways to the terminal bronchiole along its axial pathway was measured. The relationship between the logarithm of this distance and that of the fraction of the lobe subtended by an airway could be described by a quadratic equation with a correlation coefficient greater than 0.85. Subsegmental and more distal airways of postpneumonectomy animals were 33-47% longer than those of controls. Overall the main axial pathway of airways in the left lower lobes was 12% longer in operated animals, but this increase was primarily accounted for by an increase in the length of the more peripheral airways. Central airways were little if any longer in operated animals. After pneumonectomy in weanling ferrets, subsegmental and peripheral airway lengths increase to a greater degree than lung volume and airway cross-sectional area, whereas central airway lengths increase to a lesser extent if at all. The mechanisms responsible for this difference between central and intralobar compensatory airway growth are unknown.

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The relationship between cross-sectional area of multifidus muscle and disability index in patients with chronic non-specific low back pain

Musculoskeletal Science and Practice ◽

10.1016/j.msksp.2019.03.005 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Fereshteh Rezazadeh ◽

Navid Taheri ◽

Seyed Mehdi Okhravi ◽

Sayed Mohsen Hosseini

Keyword(s):

Low Back Pain ◽

Back Pain ◽

Cross Sectional Area ◽

Low Back ◽

Sectional Area ◽

Multifidus Muscle ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Relationship

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The relationship between jaw-opening force and the cross-sectional area of the suprahyoid muscles in healthy elderly

Journal of Oral Rehabilitation ◽

10.1111/joor.12596 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 45 (3) ◽

pp. 222-227 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

E. Kajisa ◽

H. Tohara ◽

A. Nakane ◽

Y. Wakasugi ◽

K. Hara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Area ◽

Sectional Area ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Suprahyoid Muscles ◽

Healthy Elderly ◽

Jaw Opening ◽

The Cross ◽

The Relationship

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Influence of lung volume and rib cage configuration on transdiaphragmatic pressure during phrenic nerve stimulation in man

Respiration Physiology ◽

10.1016/0034-5687(90)90083-b ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 80 (2-3) ◽

pp. 193-202 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Anne Mier ◽

Conor Brophy ◽

John Moxham ◽

Malcolm Green

Keyword(s):

Nerve Stimulation ◽

Lung Volume ◽

Phrenic Nerve ◽

Phrenic Nerve Stimulation ◽

Transdiaphragmatic Pressure ◽

Rib Cage

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CORRELATION BETWEEN BODY HABITUS AND CROSS-SECTIONAL AREA OF RIBS

Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1139/y65-079 ◽

1965 ◽

Vol 43 (5) ◽

pp. 773-781 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Hideaki Takahashi ◽

Harold M. Frost

Keyword(s):

Sampling Site ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Correlation Study ◽

Cross Sectional Area ◽

Sectional Area ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Body Habitus ◽

Normal People ◽

Total Cross Sectional Area ◽

The Relationship

A correlation study was performed of the relationship between the total cross-sectional area of the fifth, sixth, or seventh rib in its middle third, and the height, weight, and sex of its owner. The study involved 115 metabolically normal people and yielded high correlation coefficients between the calculated and observed total rib cross-sectional areas of 60 males and 55 females. It is suggested that the total cross-sectional area at a standard bone sampling site be used as a basis for normalizing measures of the severity of osteoporosis. This would allow one to make improved comparisons of the severity of osteoporosis between persons of different body habitus and sex.

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