Popliteal flow-mediated dilatory responses to an acute bout of prolonged sitting between earlier and later phases of natural menstrual and oral contraceptive pill cycles

2020 ◽  
Vol 129 (4) ◽  
pp. 637-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myles W. O’Brien ◽  
Jarrett A. Johns ◽  
Amera Al-Hinnawi ◽  
Derek S. Kimmerly
Keyword(s):  
Oral Contraceptive ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Popliteal Artery ◽  
Oral Contraceptive Pill ◽  
Acute Bout ◽  
Acute Period ◽  
Contraceptive Pill ◽  
Young Females ◽  
Conduit Artery ◽  
Prolonged Sitting

We compared changes in popliteal artery endothelial function to a 3-h bout of sitting in females across their natural menstrual or oral contraceptive pill cycles. Pre-sitting endothelial-dependent vasodilation was greater in females who naturally menstruate during the later versus earlier phase but unchanged among contraceptive pill phases. Neither menstrual nor oral contraceptive pill phases attenuated the robust decline in conduit artery health following an acute period of uninterrupted sitting in young females.

scholarly journals Brachial artery endothelial function is stable across a menstrual and oral contraceptive pill cycle but lower in premenopausal women than in age-matched men

2018 ◽  
Vol 315 (2) ◽  
pp. H366-H374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ninette Shenouda ◽  
Stacey E. Priest ◽  
Vanessa I. Rizzuto ◽  
Maureen J. MacDonald
Keyword(s):  
Oral Contraceptive ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Brachial Artery ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Oral Contraceptive Pill ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilation ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Contraceptive Pill

Sex hormone concentrations differ between men, premenopausal women with natural menstrual cycles (NAT), and premenopausal women using oral contraceptive pills (OCP), as well as across menstrual or OCP phases. This study sought to investigate how differences in sex hormones, particularly estradiol, between men and women and across cycle phases might influence brachial artery endothelial function. Fifty-three healthy adults (22 ± 3 yr, 20 men, 15 NAT women, and 18 second-, third-, or fourth-generation OCP women) underwent assessments of sex hormones and endothelial [flow-mediated dilation (FMD) test] and smooth muscle [nitroglycerin (NTG) test] function. Men were tested three times at 1-wk intervals, and women were tested three times throughout a single menstrual or OCP cycle (NAT: menstrual, midfollicular, and luteal phases and OCP: placebo/no pill, “early”, and “late” active pill phases). Endogenous estradiol concentration was comparable between men and women in their NAT menstrual or OCP placebo phase ( P = 0.36) but increased throughout a NAT cycle ( P < 0.001). Allometrically scaled FMD did not change across a NAT or OCP cycle but was lower in both groups of women than in men ( P = 0.005), whereas scaled NTG was lower only in NAT women ( P = 0.001). Changes in estradiol across a NAT cycle were not associated with changes in relative FMD ( r2 = 0.01, P = 0.62) or NTG ( r2 = 0.09, P = 0.13). Duration of OCP use was negatively associated with the average relative FMD for second-generation OCP users only ( r = −0.65, P = 0.04). Our findings suggest that brachial endothelial function is unaffected by cyclic hormonal changes in premenopausal women but may be negatively impacted by longer-term use of second-generation OCPs. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We demonstrate that brachial artery flow-mediated dilation does not change across a menstrual or oral contraceptive pill cycle in premenopausal women but is lower in women than in men. Although unaffected by within-cycle changes in estradiol, brachial flow-mediated dilation is negatively correlated with duration of oral contraceptive pill use for second-generation pills. Listen to this article’s corresponding podcast at https://ajpheart.podbean.com/e/behind-the-bench-episode-2/ .

The Association between Current Low-Dose Oral Contraceptive Pills and Periodontal Health: A Matched-Case-Control Study

2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 33-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Moeintaghavi ◽  
Ahmad Haerian-ardakani ◽  
Mahammadreza Reza Talebi-Ardakani ◽  
Keyvan Sohrabi ◽  
Shahin Bahmani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Contraceptive ◽  
Birth Control ◽  
Oral Contraceptives ◽  
Oral Contraceptive Pill ◽  
Plaque Index ◽  
Periodontal Health ◽  
Oral Contraceptive Pills ◽  
Contraceptive Pill ◽  
Young Females ◽  
Contraceptive Pills

Abstract Aim This study assessed the influence of current oral contraceptive pills on periodontal health in young females. Methods and Materials Seventy women ranging in age from 17 to 35 years (mean 24 years) had a comprehensive periodontal examination. Their current and previous oral contraceptive pill use was assessed by a questionnaire. A periodontal assessment was performed that included recording the following: plaque index, gingival index, probing depth, and attachment level at six sites per tooth. The periodontal health of women taking birth control pills for at least two years was compared to that of women not taking an oral contraceptive. The control and test groups were matched for socioeconomic status, age, oral habits, occupation, and educational levels. Results Although there was no difference in plaque index levels between the two groups, current oral contraceptive pill users had higher levels of gingival inflammation and bleeding on probing. However, no significant differences were found regarding mean probing depths and attachment loss between the two groups. Conclusion Women who were on oral contraceptive pills had more extensive gingivitis and gingival bleeding than their matched controls not taking them. Clinical Significance As birth control policies are advocated by most countries, and because oral contraceptives are the most widely used method for birth control, a need exists to assess the effects of oral contraceptives on the periodontal health of young women. Although additional studies are needed to better understand the mechanism of OC-induced gingivitis, female patients should be informed of the oral and periodontal side effects of OCs and the need for meticulous home care and compliance with periodontal maintenance.

scholarly journals Sex does not influence impairments in popliteal endothelial-dependent vasodilator or vasoconstrictor responses following prolonged sitting

2019 ◽  
Vol 127 (3) ◽  
pp. 679-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myles W. O’Brien ◽  
Jarrett A. Johns ◽  
Tanner D. Williams ◽  
Derek S. Kimmerly
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Popliteal Artery ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilation ◽  
Vascular Effects ◽  
Acute Bout ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Prolonged Sitting ◽  
Before And After

An acute bout of prolonged sitting (PS) impairs the popliteal artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) response. Despite equivocal reductions in mean shear rate, young women demonstrate an attenuated decline in popliteal FMD versus young men. However, it is uncertain whether popliteal endothelial-dependent vasoconstrictor responses [low-flow-mediated constriction (L-FMC)] are similarly affected by PS and/or whether sex differences exist. We tested the hypothesis that women would have attenuated reductions in both popliteal FMD and L-FMC responses following an acute bout of PS. Popliteal FMD and L-FMC responses were assessed via duplex ultrasonography before and after a 3-h bout of PS. These responses were then compared between 10 men (24 ± 2 yr) and 10 women (23 ± 2 yr) with similar ( P > 0.13) levels of objectively measured habitual physical activity (via PiezoRx) and sedentary time (via activPAL). At baseline, men and women exhibited similar ( P > 0.46) popliteal FMD (4.8 ± 1.2 vs. 4.5 ± 0.6%) and L-FMC (–1.7 ± 1.0 vs. –1.9 ± 0.9%) responses. Both sexes experienced identical (group: P > 0.76; time: P < 0.001) PS-induced impairments in popliteal FMD (–2.8 ± 1.4 vs. –2.6 ± 0.9%) and L-FMC (1.3 ± 0.7% vs. 1.4 ± 0.7%). In young adults, sex did not influence the negative PS-induced FMD, L-FMC, or microvascular responses in the lower limb. As such, our findings suggest that young men and women are similarly susceptible to the acute negative vascular effects of PS. Future studies should extend these findings to older, less physically active adults and/or patients with vascular disease. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We compared changes in popliteal artery endothelial function to a single 3-h bout of sitting between young men and women. Both groups exhibited similar endothelial-dependent vasodilation (i.e., flow-mediated dilation) and endothelial-dependent vasoconstrictor responses (i.e., low-flow-mediated constriction) at baseline and equivocal impairments in these measures of endothelial function following prolonged sitting. These findings demonstrate that acute impairments in conduit artery endothelial health associated with uninterrupted sitting are not influenced by sex in young, healthy adults.

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