scholarly journals The inion response revisited: evidence for a possible cerebellar contribution to vestibular-evoked potentials produced by air-conducted sound stimulation

2017 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 1000-1013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil P. M. Todd ◽  
Sendhil Govender ◽  
James G. Colebatch
Keyword(s):  
Evoked Potentials ◽  
Eye Gaze ◽  
Head Position ◽  
Short Latency ◽  
Maximum Response ◽  
Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials ◽  
Maximal Response ◽  
Eye Position ◽  
Myogenic Responses ◽  
Vestibular Evoked Potentials

This study investigated the effect of eye gaze and head position on vestibular-evoked potentials (VsEPs). Head position would be expected to affect myogenic sources, and eye position is known to affect ocular myogenic responses (ocular vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials), whereas a neurogenic source should behave otherwise. Eleven healthy subjects were recruited, and VsEPs, using 72-channel EEG, were recorded at a fixed intensity above the vestibular threshold. Three eye gaze and three head positions were tested (−20°, 0°, and +20° to the horizontal). Short-latency potentials showed that in addition to the expected effect of gaze on infraocular (IO′) leads, where up-gaze gives a maximum response, significant changes in amplitude were also observed in electrodes remote from the eyes and in particular, from contralateral parietal-occipital (PO) and neck (CB′) leads. Short-latency potentials of similar latency were observed (p10/n17 and n10/p17, respectively). The pattern of change with gaze in the PO leads was distinct from that observed for the IO′ leads. For the PO leads, the maximum response was obtained with neutral gaze, and this was also distinct from that observed for CB′ electrodes, where a maximal response was observed with head flexion in the second wave but not the first. Evidence of modulation of N42 and N1 potentials with both eye and head position was also observed. Head- and eye-position manipulation thus suggests that the inion response consists of an early neurogenic component, as well as myogenic responses. The p10/n17 at PO, in particular, may be an indicator of vestibulocerebellar projections. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Loud sounds were used to activate vestibular receptors in human volunteers and the effects of head and eye position studied for short-latency responses. A potential (p10/n17) recorded in the parieto-occipital leads showed behavior not expected for a response with a myogenic origin. Source modeling suggested a possible origin from the cerebellum. It may represent a new indicator of human vestibulocerebellar function.

Development of short latency vestibular evoked potentials in the neonatal rat

1999 ◽  
Vol 137 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 51-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon Freeman ◽  
Meir Plotnik ◽  
Josef Elidan ◽  
Haim Sohmer
Keyword(s):  
Evoked Potentials ◽  
Short Latency ◽  
Neonatal Rat ◽  
Vestibular Evoked Potentials

Short Latency Vestibular Evoked Potentials

1993 ◽  
Vol 108 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn W. Knox ◽  
John Isaacs ◽  
Daniel Woodard ◽  
Linda Johnson ◽  
Douglas Jordan
Keyword(s):  
Evoked Potentials ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Auditory Brainstem ◽  
Short Latency ◽  
Signal Averaging ◽  
Triggering Mechanism ◽  
Auditory Responses ◽  
Clinical Investigations ◽  
Brainstem Response ◽  
Vestibular Evoked Potentials

Auditory responses, including the well-characterized auditory brainstem response, have been used extensively in clinical investigations. Evoked responses have not been adequately developed to investigate the vestibular system. The purpose of this study is to describe a new method for the evaluation of short-latency vestibular evoked potentials in human subjects. Standard ABR equipment is used, with a customized solid-state modification of the triggering mechanism. Signal averaging is used to record responses to multiple linear decelerations. Results indicate the presence of a short-latency wave, which is absent in vestibular-deficient subjects. The literature is reviewed and illustrative cases are presented. We believe vestibular evoked potentials are a promising new modality in investigation of vestibular physiology.

Vestibulo-ocular (oVEMP) responses produced by bone-conducted sound stimuli applied to the mid-sagittal plane of the head

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 117-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Jombik ◽  
Vladimir Bahyl ◽  
Michal Drobny ◽  
Pavel Spodniak
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Extraocular Muscles ◽  
Short Latency ◽  
Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials ◽  
Surface Electrodes ◽  
Myogenic Responses

Recently several studies have yielded evidence that impulses of bone-conducted (BC) sound can produce short-latency myogenic responses in the extraocular muscles, which are probably mediated by otolithic afferents. These responses, although miniscule, can be recorded with surface electrodes and are termed ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (oVEMP). It is assumed that in response to low-frequency BC-sound stimuli the head moves predominantly along the axis from the site of the applied stimulus to the opposite side. Thus, oppositely-directed accelerations along a particular axis would produce oppositely-directed compensatory vestibulo-ocular responses (VOR) and oVEMPs. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the oVEMPs would reflect these direction-dependent VOR responses. Single cycles of 125 and 250 Hz BC tones were applied to opposite sides of two approximately orthogonal, naso-occipital (x) and vertical (z) axes of the head. oVEMP responses were recorded with standard bilateral vertical EOG montages. The responses in all twelve healthy subjects showed consistent differences with regard to the latency and/or shape of the response to stimuli applied to opposite sides of the head. These differences likely reflect different patterns of electro-myographic activity of the extraocular muscles, which may be mediated by groups of vestibular (probably otolithic) afferents with differently-orientated spatial polarization vectors.

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