The Anterior Cingulate and Reward-Guided Selection of Actions

2003 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 1161-1164 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Hadland ◽  
M.F.S. Rushworth ◽  
D. Gaffan ◽  
R. E. Passingham
Keyword(s):  
Discrimination Learning ◽  
Visual Discrimination ◽  
Response Selection ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Selection Task ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Conditional Response ◽  
Visual Discrimination Learning ◽  
Selection Of

Macaques were taught a reward-conditional response selection task; they learned to associate each of two different actions to each of two different rewards and to select actions that were appropriate for particular rewards. They were also taught a visual discrimination learning task. Cingulate lesions significantly impaired selection of responses associated with different rewards but did not interfere with visual discrimination learning or performance. The results suggest that 1) the cingulate cortex is concerned with action reward associations and not limited to just detecting when actions lead to errors and 2) that the cingulate cortex's function is limited to action reinforcer associations and it is not concerned with stimulus reward associations.

The Effect of Cingulate Cortex Lesions on Task Switching and Working Memory

2003 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 338-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. S. Rushworth ◽  
K. A. Hadland ◽  
D. Gaffan ◽  
R. E. Passingham
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Task Switching ◽  
Response Selection ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Error Monitoring ◽  
Conditional Response ◽  
Incompatible Response ◽  
Delayed Alternation ◽  
Prefrontal Lesion

Anatomic interconnections between the prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortices suggest that these areas may have similar functions. Here we report the effect of anterior cingulate removal on task switching, error monitoring, and working memory. Neuroimaging studies have implicated the cingulate cortex in all these processes. Six macaques were taught task switching (TS) and delayed alternation (DA) paradigms. TS required switching between two conditional response tasks with mutually incompatible response selection rules. DA required alternation between two identically covered food-well positions. In the first set of experiments, anterior cingulate lesions did not consistently impair TS or DA performance. One animal performed worst on both TS and DA and in this animal the cingulate sulcus lesion was most complete. In the second set of experiments, we confirmed that larger anterior cingulate lesions, which included the sulcus, consistently impaired TS but only led to a mild and equivocal impairment of DA. The TS error pattern, however, did not suggest an impairment of TS per se. The consequence of a cingulate lesion is, therefore, distinct to that of a prefrontal lesion. TS error distribution analyses provided some support for a cingulate role in monitoring responses for errors and subsequent correction but the pattern of reaction time change in TS was also indicative of a failure to sustain attention to the task and the responses being made.

scholarly journals Visual discrimination learning in the killer whale (Orcinus orca)

1971 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 187-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don White ◽  
Paul Spong ◽  
Norm Cameron ◽  
John Bradford
Keyword(s):  
Discrimination Learning ◽  
Visual Discrimination ◽  
Killer Whale ◽  
Orcinus Orca ◽  
Visual Discrimination Learning

Configuration Variables in Visual Discrimination Learning

1971 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean N. Nazzaro ◽  
Rachel Rodrigues ◽  
James R. Nazzaro
Keyword(s):  
Discrimination Learning ◽  
Visual Discrimination ◽  
Visual Discrimination Learning

Visual-discrimination learning ability and β-amyloid accumulation in the dog

1998 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 415-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Head ◽  
H. Callahan ◽  
B.A. Muggenburg ◽  
C.W. Cotman ◽  
N.W. Milgram
Keyword(s):  
Discrimination Learning ◽  
Visual Discrimination ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Visual Discrimination Learning ◽  
Amyloid Accumulation ◽  
Β Amyloid

Visual discrimination learning in zebrafish (Danio rerio)

2005 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth M. Colwill ◽  
Maria P. Raymond ◽  
Lisa Ferreira ◽  
Holly Escudero
Keyword(s):  
Discrimination Learning ◽  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Visual Discrimination ◽  
Visual Discrimination Learning

scholarly journals Unsupervised visual discrimination learning of complex stimuli: Accuracy, bias and generalization

2018 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
pp. 37-48
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Montefusco-Siegmund ◽  
Mauricio Toro ◽  
Pedro E. Maldonado ◽  
María de la L. Aylwin
Keyword(s):  
Discrimination Learning ◽  
Visual Discrimination ◽  
Visual Discrimination Learning ◽  
Complex Stimuli

Visual Discrimination Learning in Rats with Lesions of Superior Colliculus: Door-Push and Approach Errors in Modified Jumping Stand

1981 ◽  
Vol 33 (3b) ◽  
pp. 141-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Dean ◽  
Sian G. Pope
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Superior Colliculus ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Discrimination Learning ◽  
Visual Discrimination ◽  
Visual Discrimination Learning ◽  
Central Platform ◽  
Area Centralis ◽  
Scanning Head ◽  
Discrimination Apparatus

It has been suggested that, for some species, lesions of the superior colliculus affect visual discrimination learning, but only in certain conditions: (a) when problems are first learnt only after operation, or (b) when discriminanda require detailed scanning, or (c) when “approach” responses to the discriminanda are measured, rather than the response of actually touching them. These suggestions were examined in rats learning visual discriminations in a modified jumping-stand apparatus, after sustaining large lesions of the superior colliculus (and in some cases also of the pretectum). The lesions produced open-field hyperactivity and reduced exploration, indicating effective tectal damage, but the rats learnt a series of difficult discriminations in a door-push task as fast as normal rats, and they did not make more approach errors. Their main abnormality in the discrimination apparatus was that they looked less often between the stimulus doors before stepping across to one of them from the central platform. It is suggested that in rats, as in other animals, lesions of the superior colliculus disrupt the control of scanning head and eye movements; in rats, however, such disruption need not affect discrimination learning (at least in some kinds of apparatus), possibly because the retina of the rat has a relatively poorly developed area centralis.

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