Cerebrospinal Fluid Transport: a Lymphatic Perspective

Physiology ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 227-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Johnston ◽  
C. Papaiconomou
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Fluid Transport ◽  
Lymphatic Vessels ◽  
Arachnoid Membrane ◽  
Quantitative Evidence ◽  
Arachnoid Villi ◽  
Venous Sinuses ◽  
Cranial Venous Sinuses ◽  
Absorption Sites ◽  
Csf Absorption

The textbook view that projections of the arachnoid membrane into the cranial venous sinuses represent the primary cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) absorption sites seems incompatible with many clinical and experimental observations. On balance, there is more quantitative evidence suggesting a function for extracranial lymphatic vessels than exists to support a role for arachnoid villi and granulations in CSF transport.

scholarly journals Determination of volumetric cerebrospinal fluid absorption into extracranial lymphatics in sheep

1998 ◽  
Vol 274 (1) ◽  
pp. R88-R96 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Boulton ◽  
M. Flessner ◽  
D. Armstrong ◽  
J. Hay ◽  
M. Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Lymphatic Vessels ◽  
Balance Equations ◽  
Arachnoid Villi ◽  
Lateral Ventricles ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Absorption ◽  
Conscious Sheep ◽  
Csf Absorption

We estimated the volumetric clearance of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) through arachnoid villi and extracranial lymphatics in conscious sheep. Catheters were inserted into both lateral ventricles, the cisterna magna, multiple cervical lymphatics, thoracic duct, and jugular vein. Uncannulated cervical vessels were ligated.125I-labeled human serum albumin (HSA) was administered into both lateral ventricles.131I-HSA was injected intravenously to permit calculation of plasma tracer loss and tracer recirculation into lymphatics. From mass balance equations, total volumetric absorption of CSF averaged 3.37 ± 0.38 ml/h, with 2.03 ± 0.29 ml/h (∼60%) removed by arachnoid villi and 1.35 ± 0.46 ml/h (∼40%) cleared by lymphatics. With projected estimates for noncannulated ducts, total CSF absorption increased to 3.89 ± 0.33 ml/h, with 1.86 ± 0.49 ml/h (48%) absorbed by lymphatics. Additionally, we calculated total CSF drainage to be 3.48 ± 0.52 ml/h, with 54 and 46% removed by arachnoid villi and lymphatics, respectively, using previously published mass transport data from our group. We employed estimates of CSF tracer concentrations that were extrapolated from relationships observed in the study reported here. We conclude that 40–48% of the total volume of CSF absorbed from the cranial compartment is removed by extracranial lymphatic vessels.

Biological functions of lymphatic vessels

Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 369 (6500) ◽  
pp. eaax4063 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana V. Petrova ◽  
Gou Young Koh
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Aqueous Humor ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Fluid Transport ◽  
Lymphatic Vessels ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Pathogen Invasion ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Specific Manner ◽  
Organ Specific

The general functions of lymphatic vessels in fluid transport and immunosurveillance are well recognized. However, accumulating evidence indicates that lymphatic vessels play active and versatile roles in a tissue- and organ-specific manner during homeostasis and in multiple disease processes. This Review discusses recent advances to understand previously unidentified functions of adult mammalian lymphatic vessels, including immunosurveillance and immunomodulation upon pathogen invasion, transport of dietary fat, drainage of cerebrospinal fluid and aqueous humor, possible contributions toward neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory diseases, and response to anticancer therapies.

Relationship between intracranial pressure and cervical lymphatic pressure and flow rates in sheep

1999 ◽  
Vol 277 (6) ◽  
pp. R1712-R1717 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Silver ◽  
B. Li ◽  
J. Szalai ◽  
M. Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Intracranial Pressure ◽  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Lymphatic Vessels ◽  
Lymph Flow ◽  
Cranial Vault ◽  
Perfusion System ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Cisterna Magna ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph

Previous reports from our group demonstrated that about one-half of the total volume of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) removed from the cranial vault in sheep is transported into extracranial lymphatics, especially cervical lymphatic vessels in the neck. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that an elevation of intracranial pressure (ICP) would increase cervical lymphatic pressure and lymph flow rates in anesthetized sheep. Catheters were inserted into both lateral ventricles, the cisterna magna, cervical lymphatics, and the jugular vein. A ventriculo-cisternal perfusion system was employed to regulate ICP. Mean ( P = 0.008), peak ( P = 0.007), and baseline ( P = 0.013) cervical lymphatic pressures increased as ICP was elevated from 10 to 70 cmH2O in 20-cmH2O increments. Similarly, cervical lymph flow rates increased ( P < 0.001), with flows at 70 cmH2O ICP observed to be approximately fourfold higher than those at 10 cmH2O ICP. No changes were observed in mesenteric lymph flow rates (vessels not expected to drain CSF). We conclude that cervical lymphatic vessels play an important role in the transport of CSF from the cranial vault when ICP is elevated.

Meningeal lymphatic vessels at the skull base drain cerebrospinal fluid

Nature ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 572 (7767) ◽  
pp. 62-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Hoon Ahn ◽  
Hyunsoo Cho ◽  
Jun-Hee Kim ◽  
Shin Heun Kim ◽  
Je-Seok Ham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Skull Base ◽  
Lymphatic Vessels
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