scholarly journals X-Ray Emission Spectrographic Analysis of Bastnaesite Rare Earths

1957 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 367-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farrell W. Lytle ◽  
James I. Botsford ◽  
Henry A. Heller
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Absolute Intensity ◽  
Spectral Lines ◽  
Special Technique ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Spectrographic Method

AbstractAn X-ray emission spectrographic method of analysis is presented for the determination, of rare earth elements in fractions obtained from bastnaesite ore. The method includes the determination of yttrium, thorium, lanthanum., and the rare earth elements in various complex mixtures. The analysis technique is based upon comparing the samples to synthetic standards approximating the composition of the samples. Working curves are plotted on an absolute intensity basis, with, no correction for background. Examples of working curves and the analyses of typical rare earth concentrates are included. The selection of spectral lines for the various sample matrices is discussed. A special technique is used for samples in which rapid hydration and carbonation occurred.By analyzing synthetic samples of known composition, the accuracy of the method was determined. The error of analysis was about 3 per cent of the amount present in the range from 5 to 100 per cent and about 7 per cent in the 0.2 to 5 per cent range. A maximum of about 40 samples per day may be analyzed for 7 elements each. The advantages and disadvantages of the method are discussed.

Use of X-ray Fluorescence Analysis for the Determination of Rare Earth Elements

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rainer Schramm
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Solid Material ◽  
Spectral Lines ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Reference Samples ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractX-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) is a powerful tool for the analysis of solid material. That is the reason why the technique was applied for the determination of rare earth elements (REEs) since about 1970. At present, energy-dispersive XRF and wavelength-dispersive XRF are used for the analysis of pressed powder pellets or fused Li-borate beads containing REEs. The production of reliable results can only be achieved by careful optimization of the parameter, in particular the selection of spectral lines. The quantification is based on a calibration realized by using reference samples.

A Rapid and Accurate X-Ray Determination of the Rare Earths Elements in Solid or Liquid Materials using the Double Dilution Method

1968 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 546-562
Author(s):  
R. Tertian
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Practical Advantage ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Matrix

AbstractThe double dilution method has many important advantages. For any element to be determined, let us say A, It enables us to control or calculate the matrix factor (sum of the absorption end enhancement effects) for the sample being Investigated towards A radiation, and it furnishes corrected Intensities which are strictly proportional to A concentration. Thus the results are exact, whatever the general composition of the sample, their accuracy depending only on the quality of measurement and preparation. Another major practical advantage is that the method does not require systematic calibration but only a few permanent standards consisting of a pure compound or of an accurately known sample.The procedure has been tested successfully for accurate determination of rare earth elements using, for solid materials such as ores and oxide mixtures, the borax fusion technique. It also can be readily applied to liquids. All the rare earth elements can be titrated by that method, as well as yttrium, thorium and, if necessary, all the elements relevant to X-ray fluorescence analysis. The concentration range considered for solids is of one comprised between 0.5 and 100 % and, with a lesser accuracy, between 0.1 and 0-5 % Examples are given relative to the analysis of various ores. Finally it rcust be pointed out that the method is universal and applies to the analysis of every solid, especially ores, provided that they can be converted to solid or liquid solutions. It appears that most industrial analyses can be worked on In this way.

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