Inhalation of Ortho-Phthalaldehyde Vapor Causes Respiratory Sensitization in Mice

Ortho-Phthalaldehyde (OPA) has been approved for high-level sterilization of heat-sensitive medical instruments and is increasingly being used as a replacement in the healthcare industry for glutaraldehyde, a known sensitizer. Numerous case reports have been published indicating workers and patients experiencing respiratory problems, anaphylaxis, skin reactivity, and systemic antibody production. Our laboratory previously demonstrated that OPA is a dermal sensitizer in mice. The goal of the present study was to determine if OPA is a respiratory sensitizer following inhalation exposure. Mice were exposed to OPA vapor and airway and lymph nodes were examined for cytokine gene expression and alterations in lymphocyte populations. Inhalation of OPA for 3 days resulted in a concentration-dependent increase in lymphocyte proliferation, mainly B lymphocytes, in the draining lymph nodes. A secondary challenge of mice with OPA resulted in a dramatic increase in the population of B lymphocytes expressing IgE. Expression of Th2 (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13) and anti/proinflammatory (IL-10, TNFα, and IL-1β) cytokine genes was upregulated in the lymph nodes and the nasal mucosa. Mice exposed to the higher concentrations of OPA-produced OPA-specific IgG1 antibodies indicating systemic sensitization. These findings provide evidence that OPA has the potential to cause respiratory sensitization in mice.

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Isolation of MUC1-primed B lymphocytes from tumour-draining lymph nodes by immunomagnetic beads

Cancer Immunology Immunotherapy ◽

10.1007/s002620050531 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 47 (5) ◽

pp. 272-277 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Claudia Petrarca ◽

Beniamino Casalino ◽

Silvia von Mensdorff-Pouilly ◽

Aurelia Rughetti ◽

Hassan Rahimi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lymph Nodes ◽

B Lymphocytes ◽

Immunomagnetic Beads ◽

Draining Lymph Nodes

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T and B Lymphocyte Populations in Uterus Draining Lymph Nodes at Estrus and Diestrus in Wistar Rats

American Journal Of Reproductive Immunology ◽

10.1111/j.1600-0897.1988.tb00185.x ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 143-145 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

LUCAS L. COLOMBO ◽

MARÍA DEL C. LÓPEZ ◽

JORGE HERKOVITS ◽

MARÍA E. ROUX

Keyword(s):

Lymph Nodes ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

B Lymphocyte ◽

Lymphocyte Populations ◽

Draining Lymph Nodes

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Induction of immunity to Schistosoma mansoni: interaction of schistosomula with accessory leucocytes in murine skin and draining lymph nodes

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182098003187 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 117 (4) ◽

pp. 301-309 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

S. RIENGROJPITAK ◽

S. ANDERSON ◽

R. A. WILSON

Keyword(s):

Lymph Nodes ◽

Schistosoma Mansoni ◽

Protective Immunity ◽

Lateral Spreading ◽

Dendritic Morphology ◽

Single Exposure ◽

Protective Response ◽

Mhc Ii ◽

High Level ◽

Draining Lymph Nodes

A single exposure to radiation-attenuated cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni induces a high level of protective immunity in C57BL/6 mice, which is mediated by Th1 responses. Events in the skin and/or draining lymph nodes early after exposure are crucial for the induction of protection, and we have investigated the interactions of vaccinating parasites with host leucocytes in these 2 locations. We observed extensive lateral spreading of cercarial secretions along layers of the stratum corneum but not between keratinocytes. There was little direct contact with host leucocytes during the first 1–2 days when the parasites lay at the base of the epidermis, but cells accumulated in the underlying dermis. In contrast to normal parasites, attenuated larvae persisted in the dermis for >10 days, often surrounded by aggregates of macrophages/dendritic cells. Whilst cells bearing MHC II, CD11b or CD11c markers were present in the lymph nodes, particularly in the periphery and paracortical areas, no obvious redistribution was seen as a result of parasite residence there for 5–15 days. However, ultrastructural observations revealed numerous cells with macrophage/dendritic morphology in the vicinity of parasites, in some instances closely adherent to the tegument. The observations strongly suggest that the tegument is a potent source of the antigens which prime the immune system in the lymph nodes of vaccinated mice for a protective response.

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Experimental Echinococcus granulosus infection in mice: immunocytochemical analysis of lymphocyte populations in local lymphoid infections during early infection

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182000055864 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 94 (3) ◽

pp. 523-532 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Eleanor M. Riley ◽

J. B. Dixon

Keyword(s):

Lymph Nodes ◽

Echinococcus Granulosus ◽

Post Infection ◽

Potential Role ◽

Lymphocyte Subsets ◽

Suppressor Cells ◽

Lymphocyte Populations ◽

Draining Lymph Nodes ◽

T Suppressor Cells

The influence of subcutaneous infection with protoscoleces of Echinococcus granulosus on the distribution of lymphocyte subsets in draining lymph nodes has been evaluated by immunocytochemical labelling of lymphocyte surface antigens. These studies reveal marked expansion of paracortical Thy-1 +, Lyt-1 + cells and moderate proliferation of surface immunoglobulin-bearing B-cells immediately after infection. The Lyt-1 +:Lyt-2 + ratio decreases rapidly during the first 21 days post-infection and remains below unity until at least 12 weeks post-infection due to severe depletion of Lyt-1 + cells in draining lymph nodes and a significant increase in the percentage of Lyt-2 + cells. The potential role of these Lyt-1 ∓, 2 + (putative T-suppressor) cells in regulation of the anti-parasite immune response and mediation of generalized immunosuppression is discussed in the light of evidence of inhibition of anti-parasite immunity in infected mice.

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Antigen localization and the induction of resistance in mice vaccinated with irradiated cercariae ofSchistosoma mansoni

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182000066701 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 97 (1) ◽

pp. 11-25 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

A. P. Mountford ◽

P. S. Coulson ◽

R. A. Wilson

Keyword(s):

Lymph Nodes ◽

Early Death ◽

Prolonged Release ◽

Infection Models ◽

Rapid Clearance ◽

Antigen Localization ◽

Induction Of Resistance ◽

Major Factors ◽

High Level ◽

Draining Lymph Nodes

SUMMARYThe fate of75Se-labelled parasites and their released pre-synthesized macromolecules has been followed in three murine infection models. Parasite numbers in specific tissues were determined by autoradiography, and released material was estimated by gamma-counting of tissues, with adjustment for the presence of parasite-associated radiolabel. Marked differences were found between the three models. The pattern of migration of normal schistosomula was similar to that previously reported. In addition we have described the transit of parasites through the lymph nodes draining the infection site. Significant quantities of released material were detected in the skin, draining lymph nodes, bloodstream and liver. The circulating material was of parasite origin, macromolecular, and hence potentially antigenic. In comparison to the normal infection, radiation-attenuated parasites (inducing a high level of resistance to challenge) persisted in the skin, draining lymph nodes and lungs, releasing a proportionally greater amount of material in the nodes. In mice exposed to attenuated parasites and treated with the compound ROl1–3128 at 24 h (inducing a low level of resistance) there was an early death and rapid clearance of the parasites whilst still in the skin. This situation resulted in the highest levels of released material in the skin, bloodstream and liver, but negligible levels in the draining lymph nodes. We suggest that the persistence of radiation-attenuated parasites in the skin and draining lymph nodes, together with the prolonged release of antigen in the latter site, compared to the normal situation, are major factors in the induction of resistance.

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Pre-Existing Humoral Immunity Enhances Epicutaneously-Administered Allergen Capture by Skin DC and Their Migration to Local Lymph Nodes

Frontiers in Immunology ◽

10.3389/fimmu.2021.609029 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Pierre-Louis Hervé ◽

Camille Plaquet ◽

Noémie Assoun ◽

Nathalie Oreal ◽

Laetitia Gaulme ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lymph Nodes ◽

Humoral Immunity ◽

Blocking Antibody ◽

Patch Application ◽

Skin Delivery ◽

Specific Igg ◽

Antigen Presenting ◽

Draining Lymph Nodes ◽

Specific Igg Antibodies

Due to its richness in antigen presenting cells, e.g., dendritic cells (DC), the skin has been identified as a promising route for immunotherapy and vaccination. Several years ago, a skin delivery system was developed based on epicutaneous patches allowing the administration of antigen through intact skin. Using mouse models, we have shown that epicutaneous allergen application leads to a rapid uptake and transport of allergen-positive cells to skin-draining lymph nodes (LN). This occurred primarily in animals previously sensitized to the same allergen. In that context, we sought to better understand the role of the specific preexisting immunity in allergen capture by skin DC and their subsequent migration to LN. Specifically, we investigated the role of humoral immunity induced by sensitization and the involvement of IgG Fc receptors (FcγR). Epicutaneous patches containing fluorescently-labeled ovalbumin (OVA) were applied to naïve mice that had previously received either sera or purified IgG isolated from OVA-sensitized mice. To investigate the involvement of FcγR, animals received 2.4G2 (anti-FcγRII/RIII) blocking antibody, 24 hours before patch application. Mice that received sera or purified IgG originating from OVA-sensitized mice showed an increase in the quantity of OVA-positive DC in skin and LN. Moreover, the blockade of FcγR reduced the number of OVA-positive DC in LN to a level similar to that observed in naïve animals. Overall, these results demonstrate that preexisting specific-IgG antibodies are involved in allergen capture by skin DC following EPIT through the involvement of antigen-specific IgG-FcγR.

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