scholarly journals An Immunohistochemistry Study of Sox9, Runx2, and Osterix Expression in the Mandibular Cartilages of Newborn Mouse

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Zhang ◽  
Xiaopeng Zhao ◽  
Zhiguang Zhang ◽  
Weiwei Chen ◽  
Xinli Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Hypertrophic Chondrocytes ◽  
Newborn Mouse ◽  
Late Development ◽  
Differentiation Process ◽  
Meckel's Cartilage ◽  
Meckel’S Cartilage ◽  
Hypertrophic Cell ◽  
Polymorphic Cell ◽  
And Cartilage ◽  
Cell Zone

The purpose of this study is to investigate the spacial expression pattern and functional significance of three key transcription factors related to bone and cartilage formation, namely, Sox9, Runx2, and Osterix in cartilages during the late development of mouse mandible. Immunohistochemical examinations of Sox9, Runx2, and Osterix were conducted in the mandibular cartilages of the 15 neonatal C57BL/6N mice. In secondary cartilages, both Sox9 and Runx2 were weakly expressed in the polymorphic cell zone, strongly expressed in the flattened cell zone and throughout the entire hypertrophic cell zone. Similarly, both transcriptional factors were weakly expressed in the uncalcified Meckel’s cartilage while strongly expressed in the rostral cartilage. Meanwhile, Osterix was at an extremely low level in cells of the flattened cell zone and the upper hypertrophic cell zone in secondary cartilages. Surprisingly, Osterix was intensely expressed in hypertrophic chondrocytes in the center of the uncalcified Meckel’s cartilage while moderately expressed in part of hypertrophic chondrocytes in the rostral process. Consequently, it is suggested that Sox9 is a main and unique positive regulator in the hypertrophic differentiation process of mandibular secondary cartilages, in addition to Runx2. Furthermore, Osterix is likely responsible for phenotypic conversion of Meckel’s chondrocytes during its degeneration.

Memoirs: The Posterior End of Meckel's Cartilage and Related Ossifications in Bony Fishes

1937 ◽  
Vol s2-80 (317) ◽  
pp. 1-38
Author(s):  
R. WHEELER HAINES
Keyword(s):  
Joint Surface ◽  
Connective Tissues ◽  
Endochondral Bone ◽  
Meckel's Cartilage ◽  
Articular Process ◽  
Meckel’S Cartilage ◽  
Bony Fishes ◽  
Growth Zones ◽  
Special Growth ◽  
And Cartilage

1. In modern Dipnoi (Protopterus) the membrane bones are separated by connective tissue from Meekel's cartilage, and there is no endochondral or perichondral bone. The cartilage grows evenly over its whole extent. 2. In Polypterus a large articular ossifies the posterior end of the cartilage, including the retro-articular process, and spreads into the neighbouring connective tissues. 3. In Elops the joint surface is carried partly by the articular, and partly by the retro-articular, a special ossification of the retro-articular process. 4. In most teleosts (Mugil, Sardina, Trigla) the articular is absent and the angular invades the perichondrium and cartilage to form the joint surface. Special growth zones of flattened cells are formed in the cartilage which by their growth carry the retro-articular, angular, and dentary away from one another, stability of the jaw being maintained by new growth of the membranous parts of the bones. 5. Endochondral bone is reduced or absent in some specialized fishes (Tetrodon, Notopogon). 6. The sesamoid articular of teleosts is a separated part of the angular which gives insertion to the adductor mandibulae muscle. 7. An attempt is made to follow the evolution of Meckel's cartilage and the related ossifications by a comparison of the early Dipnoi, Crossopterygii, and Amphibia described in the literature with modern forms.

Matrix metalloproteinases regulate morphogenesis, migration and remodeling of epithelium, tongue skeletal muscle and cartilage in the mandibular arch

Development ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 124 (8) ◽  
pp. 1519-1530 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.R. Chin ◽  
Z. Werb
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinases ◽  
Paraxial Mesoderm ◽  
Gelatinase A ◽  
Meckel's Cartilage ◽  
Gelatinase B ◽  
Mandibular Arch ◽  
Meckel’S Cartilage ◽  
And Cartilage ◽  
Stromelysin 3

We have investigated the role of proteinases in the developmental program of bone, cartilage, tongue muscle and epithelial differentiation and remodeling in the mandibular arch during murine embryogenesis. Expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) was tissue-specific with little or no expression in the epithelium of tooth buds, tongue or oral cavity. Gelatinase A mRNA transcripts were strongly expressed in the perichondrium of Meckel's cartilage and mesenchymal areas of embryonic day 13–15 mandibles, whereas gelatinase B, collagenase-3, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 mRNA were found primarily in the ossifying areas of the mandibles. The skeletal muscle of the tongue expressed stromelysin-3, TIMP-2 and TIMP-3 mRNA while stromelysin-3, TIMP-2 and gelatinase A were seen in the overlying connective tissue layer. Gelatinase A, gelatinase B, stromelysin-1, urokinase, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 mRNA and protein activities were also detected in cultured mandibular explants. Culture of day 10 mandibular explants with a hydroxamic acid metalloproteinase inhibitor, but not with inhibitors of metalloendopeptidases (thiorphan and phosphoramidon), serine proteinases (aprotinin), cysteine proteinases (leupeptin) and urokinase (amiloride), altered mandibular morphogenesis dramatically. Development of the tongue (glossogenesis) and cartilage, but not bone or teeth was affected. Formation of the oral sulcus and fusion of the two epithelia of the medial sulcus were inhibited, and number and migration of myoblasts decreased. The resulting ‘tongue-tied phenotype’ indicates that MMPs are involved in epithelial morphogenesis and the migration of myoblasts to the region of the tongue. Development of the anterior segment of Meckel's cartilage was also inhibited and proteoglycan content of the cartilage was reduced by inhibiting MMPs. Our data suggest that matrix metalloproteinases play a pivotal role in the morphogenesis of structures derived from epithelium (oral sulcus), cranial paraxial mesoderm (tongue) and cranial neural crest (Meckel's cartilage).

scholarly journals Modulated Expression of Type X Collagen in the Meckel's Cartilage with Different Developmental Fates

1995 ◽  
Vol 170 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun Sung Chung ◽  
Howard H. Park ◽  
Kang Ting ◽  
Hiroko Takita ◽  
Suneel S. Apte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type X Collagen ◽  
Meckel's Cartilage ◽  
Meckel’S Cartilage

scholarly journals Functional analysis of CTRP3/cartducin in Meckel’s cartilage and developing condylar cartilage in the fetal mouse mandible

2011 ◽  
Vol 218 (5) ◽  
pp. 517-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamaki Yokohama-Tamaki ◽  
Takashi Maeda ◽  
Tetsuya S. Tanaka ◽  
Shunichi Shibata
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Condylar Cartilage ◽  
Meckel's Cartilage ◽  
Fetal Mouse ◽  
Meckel’S Cartilage

Effect of Biomechanical Environment on Degeneration of Meckel’s Cartilage

2020 ◽  
pp. 002203452096011
Author(s):  
M. Farahat ◽  
G.A.S. Kazi ◽  
E.S. Hara ◽  
T. Matsumoto
Keyword(s):  
Endochondral Ossification ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Cartilage Degradation ◽  
Middle Region ◽  
Meckel's Cartilage ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Meckel’S Cartilage ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
Rigid Environment

During orofacial tissue development, the anterior and posterior regions of the Meckel’s cartilage undergo mineralization, while the middle region undergoes degeneration. Despite the interesting and particular phenomena, the mechanisms that regulate the different fates of Meckel’s cartilage, including the effects of biomechanical cues, are still unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to systematically investigate the course of Meckel’s cartilage during embryonic development from a biomechanical perspective. Histomorphological and biomechanical (stiffness) changes in the Meckel’s cartilage were analyzed from embryonic day 12 to postnatal day 0. The results revealed remarkable changes in the morphology and size of chondrocytes, as well as the occurrence of chondrocyte burst in the vicinity of the mineralization site, an often-seen phenomenon preceding endochondral ossification. To understand the effect of biomechanical cues on Meckel’s cartilage fate, a mechanically tuned 3-dimensional hydrogel culture system was used. At the anterior region, a moderately soft environment (10-kPa hydrogel) promoted chondrocyte burst and ossification. On the contrary, at the middle region, a more rigid environment (40-kPa hydrogel) enhanced cartilage degradation by inducing a higher expression of MMP-1 and MMP-13. These results indicate that differences in the biomechanical properties of the surrounding environment are essential factors that distinctly guide the mineralization and degradation of Meckel’s cartilage and would be valuable tools for modulating in vitro cartilage and bone tissue engineering.

scholarly journals Vessel-derived angiocrine IGF1 promotes Meckel's cartilage proliferation to drive jaw growth during embryogenesis

Development ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 147 (11) ◽  
pp. dev190488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ceilidh Marchant ◽  
Peter Anderson ◽  
Quenten Schwarz ◽  
Sophie Wiszniak
Keyword(s):  
Meckel's Cartilage ◽  
Meckel’S Cartilage

Autophagy Prior to Chondrocyte Cell Death During the Degeneration of Meckel's Cartilage

2012 ◽  
Vol 295 (5) ◽  
pp. 734-741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong-Tao Yang ◽  
Chi Zhang ◽  
Yong Liu ◽  
Hai-Hua Zhou ◽  
Zu-Bing Li
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Meckel's Cartilage ◽  
Meckel’S Cartilage
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