Sediment, Nutrient, and Bacterial Runoff from Biosolids and Mineral Fertilizer Applied to a Mixed Cool- and Native Warm-Season Grassland in the Ozark Mountains

Rainfall simulations were conducted within mixed (cool- and native warm-season) grasslands in the sloping, rocky soils typical of the Ozark Mountains region to estimate nutrient and bacteria levels in runoff from biosolids and mineral fertilizer (MF). The ability of narrow (1 m) vegetated filter strips (VFS) to reduce losses was evaluated. Experiment 1 included an untreated control (C); 37 kg plant available nitrogen (PAN) ha−1from biosolids applied to the upslope half of the plot with the downslope half serving as a VFS (LBF); 74 kg PAN ha−1from biosolids, with VFS (HBF); and a uniform biosolids application at the lower rate and no VFS (LBU). Experiment 2 examined runoff from MF applied at 89 kg ammoniacal nitrogen (NH4-N) ha−1and 147 kg phosphorous (P) ha−1over the whole plot (MFW) or only on the upslope half (with VFS) (MFF). No significant differences were detected among mean fecal coliform levels despite large differences in magnitude. Losses of NH4-N and P were greater for LBU than for LBF. Although only marginally significant (P=0.058), total phosphorous contained in runoff was nearly three times higher in MFW than in MFF. Results of this study suggest that even a small VFS can potentially reduce nutrient levels in runoff.

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Chlorpyrifos and Atrazine Removal from Runoff by Vegetated Filter Strips: Experiments and Predictive Modeling

Journal of Environmental Quality ◽

10.2134/jeq2008.0404 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 38 (3) ◽

pp. 1042-1052 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

N. N. Poletika ◽

P. N. Coody ◽

G. A. Fox ◽

G. J. Sabbagh ◽

S. C. Dolder ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Predictive Modeling ◽

Filter Strips ◽

Vegetated Filter Strips

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The Reduction of Plant-Available Nitrogen by Cover Crop Mulches and Subsequent Effects on Soybean Performance and Weed Interference

Agronomy Journal ◽

10.2134/agronj2012.0396 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 105 (2) ◽

pp. 539-545 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

M. S. Wells ◽

S. C. Reberg-Horton ◽

A. N. Smith ◽

J. M. Grossman

Keyword(s):

Cover Crop ◽

Available Nitrogen ◽

Weed Interference ◽

Plant Available Nitrogen

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Potential of Phototrophic Purple Nonsulfur Bacteria to Fix Nitrogen in Rice Fields

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms10010028 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 28

Author(s):

Isamu Maeda

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fixation ◽

Regulatory Networks ◽

Nitrogenase Activity ◽

Field Studies ◽

Rice Fields ◽

Purple Nonsulfur Bacteria ◽

Available Nitrogen ◽

Nitrogenase Activities ◽

Plant Available Nitrogen ◽

Biological Nitrogen

Biological nitrogen fixation catalyzed by Mo-nitrogenase of symbiotic diazotrophs has attracted interest because its potential to supply plant-available nitrogen offers an alternative way of using chemical fertilizers for sustainable agriculture. Phototrophic purple nonsulfur bacteria (PNSB) diazotrophically grow under light anaerobic conditions and can be isolated from photic and microaerobic zones of rice fields. Therefore, PNSB as asymbiotic diazotrophs contribute to nitrogen fixation in rice fields. An attempt to measure nitrogen in the oxidized surface layer of paddy soil estimates that approximately 6–8 kg N/ha/year might be accumulated by phototrophic microorganisms. Species of PNSB possess one of or both alternative nitrogenases, V-nitrogenase and Fe-nitrogenase, which are found in asymbiotic diazotrophs, in addition to Mo-nitrogenase. The regulatory networks control nitrogenase activity in response to ammonium, molecular oxygen, and light irradiation. Laboratory and field studies have revealed effectiveness of PNSB inoculation to rice cultures on increases of nitrogen gain, plant growth, and/or grain yield. In this review, properties of the nitrogenase isozymes and regulation of nitrogenase activities in PNSB are described, and research challenges and potential of PNSB inoculation to rice cultures are discussed from a viewpoint of their applications as nitrogen biofertilizer.

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Influences of different organic fertilizers on nutrients of humic sandy soil and on the growth of Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.)

Acta Agraria Debreceniensis ◽

10.34101/actaagrar/70/1812 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 23-28

Author(s):

Andrea Balláné Kovács ◽

Rita Kremper ◽

Ida Kincses ◽

Ágnes Leviczky

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Sandy Soil ◽

Food Waste ◽

Spinacia Oleracea ◽

Cattle Manure ◽

Available Nitrogen ◽

Horse Manure ◽

Spinacia Oleracea L ◽

Plant Available Nitrogen ◽

Food Waste Compost

A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to compare the effects of manure with different origin (horse, cattle), various bedding materials (straw, sawdust) and diverse doses (30 t ha-1, 60 t ha-1) and the impact of food waste compost on the plant growth and the available plant nutrient content of soil. The study was conducted on humic sandy soil and consisted of 9 treatments in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) was grown as the test crop. The treatments were: 1. unfertilized control; 2. horse manure with straw (30 t ha-1); 3. horse manure with sawdust (30 t ha-1); 4. cattle manure (30 t ha-1); 5 food waste compost (30 t ha-1); 6. horse manure with straw (60 t ha-1); 7. horse manure with sawdust (60 t ha-1); 8. cattle manure (60 t ha-1); 9. food waste compost (60 t ha-1). Plant growth was monitored for 4 weeks. Shoot and root weights per pot were measured, total biomass weight per pot were counted. On the basis of the results it can be concluded, that among treatments the application of horse manure with straw enhanced spinach growth most significantly compared to other treatments and to the non-treated control, resulted the highest weights of leaves and roots of spinach. At the same time even small dose (30 t ha-1) of this fertilizer caused increased plant available nitrogen and phosphorus of soil and the higher dosage further increased these values. The horse manure with sawdust applied in lower dose did not alter the leaves and roots weights, but higher portion (60 t ha-1) caused significantly decreased plant biomass. The results proved that the bedding material may significantly alter the composition of manure and may change the plant nutrition effect of organic fertilizer. Cattle manure and food waste compost in both applied doses enhanced plant growth. Both fertilizers increased the plant available nitrogen forms and phosphorus content of soil, but cattle manure caused higher increase.

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