Organomineral fertilizer as an alternative for increasing potato yield and quality

ABSTRACT Organomineral fertilizer has great potential to replace synthetic fertilizers. The goal of this study was to determine an optimal substitution rate of organomineral fertilizer for mineral fertilizer to increase potato yield and quality. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with four replicates and six treatments, namely four substitution rates of organomineral fertilizer application (25, 50, 75, and 100% of mineral fertilizer demand), one rate of mineral fertilizer application (100% of mineral fertilizer demand), and the control (no fertilizer application). The organomineral application rates were tested as an alternative to substitute 25 to 100% of mineral fertilizer. The potato yield (total and in-class) and quality and plant and soil nutrient contents were monitored. The pH and total soluble solid contents had positive correlations with yield. Potatoes accumulated higher contents of K > N > P in the leaves, stems, and tubers. The organomineral fertilizer application rate of 3.7 t ha-1 (equivalent to 100% of mineral fertilizer demand) was the optimal rate to increase potato yield and quality. Organomineral fertilizer is a viable alternative to increase potato quality and yield and to increase plant and soil nutrient contents.

The Combined Effect of Biochar and Mineral Fertilizer on Triticale Yield, Soil Properties under Different Tillage Systems

This study examined the effect of study time, biochar dose, and fertilization-tillage system on the improvement of sandy loam physical-chemical properties and triticale grain yield. The soil properties (water holding capacity (WHC), wettability, moisture content (MC), organic matter content (SOM), pH, and electrical conductivity (EC) were monitored in short time intervals (after 3, 6, 12, and 24 months). Soil was tilled in two methods (shallow ploughless tillage and direct drilling), fertilized with nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) fertilizers, and amended with three hydrophobic pine wood biochar doses (0 t/ha; 5 t/ha; 15 t/ha). It was found that 15 t/ha biochar dose had the highest effect on the soil’s physical-chemical properties improvement (SOM increased by 33.7%, pH—by 6.84%, EC—by 23.4%, WHC—by 8.48%, and MC—by 21.8%) compared to the variants without biochar. Direct drilling, fertilization with NPK fertilizers and 15 t/ha biochar dose significantly influenced the rise of soil’s physical-chemical properties and triticale yield (3.51 t/ha).

THE USE OF MULTISUBSTRATE MIXTURES FOR METHANE BIOSYNTHESIS BY AN ADAPTED COMPLEX OF MICROORGANISMS FOR OBTAINING ORGANIC FERTILIZER

Due to the istabiity of market prices for traditional hydrocarbon energy resources and negative impact of their combustion products on the environment, recently quite rapidly develop technology that provide for, first of all, renewable energy sources. One of the promising areas of alternative energy is bioenergy is a branch of biotechnology that considers organic matter of biomass of various origins (mainly agricultural waste) as a fuel source. Among the main advantages of energy biotechnology, it should be noted the speed and relative ease of recovery of the energy substrate, as well as the fact that it is not alien to the environment, so, even if released in quantities exceeding the permissible ones, this will not lead to irreversible changes in the ecosystem. Excess biomass will quickly be incorporated into biogeochemical cycles, which is the key to minimizing environmental damage. The process of bioconversion of methane from organic substrate compounds (carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, organic acids, alcohols), which in three stages, is called methanogenesis. This process involves a specific complex bacterial enzyme system, consisting of the following coenzymes: methanofuran, tetrahydro-methanopterin, coenzymes F420 and F430, coenzyme M (CoM), coenzyme B. Using of ways of processing and waste disposal, that based on alternative biological recycling methods of organic pollutants does not always allow to achieve the expected effect, in particular on artificially created ecosystems of animal farms working in a closed mode. Concentration on a small area of a significant amount of biowaste (manure, dung, process runoffs etc.) of the cattle kept in the facilities of live-stock industry, contaminates soils, water bodies and atmospheric air with microorganisms, dust, harmful gases and other decomposition products. Often, it is one of the main factors constrainting on the growth of livestock enterprises and agro-industrial complex (AIC) capacities in general, restraining the economic development of regions specializing in agricultural production. For the first time in the region, study was carried out in order to determine the most efficient way to process miskantus phytomass for the production as target products of methane-containing biogas mixture and organo-mineral fertilizer suitable for use in agriculture and forestry. An economically and ecologically attractive way of utilization of wastes of phyto- and zoogenic origin, which makes it possible significantly reduce anthropogenic pressure on the environment, has been proposed.

Theoretical Substantiation of the Movement of Mineral Fertilizer Pellets After Leaving the Spreading Disc

The processes of movement of pellets of solid mineral fertilizers after their leaving the spreading disc of the solid mineral fertilizer centrifugal distributor are described. The dependences of the change in the pellet distribution plume on the change in the design parameters of the spreading disc, the speed of its rotation, as well as the location of the outlet window of the accelerating chamber are obtained.

Influence of agrochemical agents on biometric parameters of pear varieties in protected soil conditions

The article presents data on the study of the effect of foliar treatment with the mineral fertilizer «Idrofloral brand 14-11-22+8CaO» and the growth regulator «Stimoros» on the biometric parameters of pear seedlings with a closed root system in protected soil conditions. The research was conducted in 2018-2020 in the Orenburg branch of the Federal Horticultural Research Center for Breeding, Agrotechnology and Nursery. The objects of research were pear varieties of the summer ripening period Lada and Chizhovskaya. The seedlings were obtained by winter inoculation in the third decade of December. The drugs were used three times: 1st processing in the phase of the 5th present sheet, then 2 times with an interval of 10 days. The studied concentrations of non-root top dressing were determined according to the instructions for them. Biometric observations of seedlings were carried out according to the following parameters: seedling height (cm), number (pcs.) and leaf area (cm2 ). Mathematical processing of experimental data was carried out using the dispersion analysis according to B. A. Dospekhov. As a result of the conducted studies, the positive effect of these drugs on the growth and development of pear plants, different depending on the variety, was revealed. The greatest effectiveness on the Chizhovskaya variety was shown by the use of the mineral fertilizer «Idrofloral brand 14-11-22+8CaO» with a rate of application of 3.75 g/l, which contributed to an increase in the length of vegetative growth by an average of 45.6 %, the number of leaves — by 33.7 %, the foliage of seedlings-by 40.0 % compared to the control, thereby having a positive effect on the processes of formation and development of the leaf apparatus. In the Lada variety, the best results were noted when using the drug «Stimoros» at a dosage of 0.94 ml/l: the growth parameters of seedlings increased by 18.4 %, the number of leaves — by 12.1 %.

Influence of long-term fertilization on yield and quality of spring triticale grain

Triticale (×Triticosecale Wittmack) is a promising cereal crop that has a number of economically valuable properties that are absent in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The research was conducted at Uman National University of Horticulture (Ukraine) in a long-term stationary experiment, founded in 1964. The aim of the work was to study the influence of long-term application of different fertilizer systems (mineral, organic and organo-mineral) on the yield and grain quality of spring triticale. It has been established that in the conditions of high air temperature and soil moisture deficit, mineral and organo-mineral fertilizer systems have an advantage. In sufficient wet conditions, all studied fertilizer systems are highly efficient. Spring triticale (Kharkiv Hlibodar variety) has a high reaction to fertilizers, as grain yield increases from 6.3–6.6 to 9.0–9.5 t ha-1 (р≤0.05). Mineral and organo-mineral fertilizer systems have the greatest effect on protein content. In conditions of sufficient moisture, all levels of mineral and organo-mineral fertilizer systems significantly increase the protein content in spring triticale grain. In arid conditions, saturation of crop rotation area with N90P90K90 (M2), N135P135K135 (M3) and Manure 9 t +N46P68K36 (OM2), Manure 13.5 t + N69P102K54 (OM3) is preferred. It should be noted that spring triticale is quite reactive with fertilizers, as the protein content increases from 13.2–14.0 to 15.2–16.0% (р≤0.05) depending on the fertilizer system. The high influence of fertilizer system and year factors on yield and protein content in triticale grain has been established. It should be noted that spring triticale grain yield varies most from the weather conditions of the growing season.