Inflammatory Reaction as Determinant of Foreign Body Reaction Is an Early and Susceptible Event after Mesh Implantation

Purpose.To investigate and relate the ultrashort-term and long-term courses of determinants for foreign body reaction as biocompatibility predictors for meshes in an animal model.Materials and Methods.Three different meshes (TVT, UltraPro, and PVDF) were implanted in sheep. Native and plasma coated meshes were placed bilaterally: (a) interaperitoneally, (b) as fascia onlay, and (c) as muscle onlay (fascia sublay). At 5 min, 20 min, 60 min, and 120 min meshes were explanted and histochemically investigated for inflammatory infiltrate, macrophage infiltration, vessel formation, myofibroblast invasion, and connective tissue accumulation. The results were related to long-term values over 24 months.Results.Macrophage invasion reached highest extents with up to 60% in short-term and decreased within 24 months to about 30%. Inflammatory infiltrate increased within the first 2 hours, the reached levels and the different extents and ranking among the investigated meshes remained stable during long-term follow up. For myofibroblasts, connective tissue, and CD31+ cells, no activity was detected during the first 120 min.Conclusion.The local inflammatory reaction is an early and susceptible event after mesh implantation. It cannot be influenced by prior plasma coating and does not depend on the localisation of implantation.

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Histologic Study of Homograft Cartilages Implanted in the Middle Ear

Otolaryngology ◽

10.1177/019459988809800602 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 98 (6) ◽

pp. 546-551 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Etsuo Yamamoto ◽

Michitaka Iwanaga ◽

Manabu Fukumoto

Keyword(s):

Foreign Body ◽

Connective Tissue ◽

Middle Ear ◽

Foreign Body Reaction ◽

Fibrous Connective Tissue ◽

Histologic Study ◽

Second Stage ◽

The Matrix ◽

Inflammatory Changes ◽

Histologic Changes

We examined conditions of the micro-sliced homograft cartilages implanted in the middle ear, implanted cartilages removed at revision surgery or implanted cartilages removed at the second stage of staged tympanoplasty, both macroscopically and histologically. Macroscopically, the appearance and shape of the cartilages remained unchanged, with no evidence of erosion. There was no evidence of any foreign body reaction or rejection phenomenon. In general, no marked histologic changes of the matrix tissues were found, although chondrocytes showed degenerative changes. There was partial absorption of cartilage and replacement by fibrous connective tissue when inflammatory changes occurred in the middle ear. It is concluded that implanted homograft cartilage maintains its stiffness for more than 6 months in a healthy, aerated middle ear and appears to be clinically useful for tympanoplasty.

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A Nodular Foreign Body Reaction in a Dialysis Patient Receiving Long-term Treatment With Lanthanum Carbonate

American Journal of Kidney Diseases ◽

10.1053/j.ajkd.2015.07.033 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 67 (1) ◽

pp. 128-132 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Aziz K. Valika ◽

Dhanpat Jain ◽

Phillip E. Jaffe ◽

Gilbert Moeckel ◽

Ursula C. Brewster

Keyword(s):

Foreign Body ◽

Dialysis Patient ◽

Foreign Body Reaction ◽

Term Treatment ◽

Lanthanum Carbonate ◽

Long Term Treatment

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Long-term foreign-body reaction to preperitoneal polypropylene mesh in the pig

Hernia ◽

10.1007/bf01569134 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 2 (4) ◽

pp. 153-155 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

G. L. Beets ◽

H. van Mameren ◽

P. M. N. Y. H. Go

Keyword(s):

Foreign Body ◽

Polypropylene Mesh ◽

Foreign Body Reaction

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Foreign Body Reaction to Implanted Biomaterials and Its Impact in Nerve Neuroprosthetics

Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology ◽

10.3389/fbioe.2021.622524 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Alejandro Carnicer-Lombarte ◽

Shao-Tuan Chen ◽

George G. Malliaras ◽

Damiano G. Barone

Keyword(s):

Foreign Body ◽

Cellular Response ◽

Foreign Body Reaction ◽

The Body ◽

Nerve Tissue ◽

Sensory Loss ◽

Target Tissue ◽

Foreign Material ◽

Fibrotic Process

The implantation of any foreign material into the body leads to the development of an inflammatory and fibrotic process—the foreign body reaction (FBR). Upon implantation into a tissue, cells of the immune system become attracted to the foreign material and attempt to degrade it. If this degradation fails, fibroblasts envelop the material and form a physical barrier to isolate it from the rest of the body. Long-term implantation of medical devices faces a great challenge presented by FBR, as the cellular response disrupts the interface between implant and its target tissue. This is particularly true for nerve neuroprosthetic implants—devices implanted into nerves to address conditions such as sensory loss, muscle paralysis, chronic pain, and epilepsy. Nerve neuroprosthetics rely on tight interfacing between nerve tissue and electrodes to detect the tiny electrical signals carried by axons, and/or electrically stimulate small subsets of axons within a nerve. Moreover, as advances in microfabrication drive the field to increasingly miniaturized nerve implants, the need for a stable, intimate implant-tissue interface is likely to quickly become a limiting factor for the development of new neuroprosthetic implant technologies. Here, we provide an overview of the material-cell interactions leading to the development of FBR. We review current nerve neuroprosthetic technologies (cuff, penetrating, and regenerative interfaces) and how long-term function of these is limited by FBR. Finally, we discuss how material properties (such as stiffness and size), pharmacological therapies, or use of biodegradable materials may be exploited to minimize FBR to nerve neuroprosthetic implants and improve their long-term stability.

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