scholarly journals Etherification of Glycerol with Propylene or 1-Butene for Fuel Additives

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chakrapong Saengarun ◽  
Amorn Petsom ◽  
Duangamol Nuntasri Tungasmita
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Point ◽  
Octane Number ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Fuel Additives ◽  
Glycerol Ether ◽  
Research Octane Number ◽  
Amberlyst 15 ◽  
Cold Flow ◽  
Glycerol Ethers

The etherification of glycerol with propylene over acidic heterogeneous catalysts, Amberlyst-15, S100, and S200 resins, produced mono-propyl glycerol ethers (MPGEs), 1,3-di- and 1,2-di-propyl glycerol ethers (DPGEs), and tri-propyl glycerol ether (TPGE). The propylation of glycerol over Amberlyst-15 yielded only TPGE. The glycerol etherification with 1-butene over Amberlyst-15 and S200 resins produced 1-mono-, 2-mono-, 1,2-di-, and 1,3-di-butyl glycerol ethers (1-MBGE, 2-MBGE, 1,2-DBGE, and 1,3-DBGE). The use of Amberlyst-15 resulted in the propylation and butylation of glycerol with higher yields than those obtained from the S100 and S200 resins. The PGEs, TPGE, and BGEs were evaluated as cold flow improvers and octane boosters. These alkyl glycerol ethers can reduce the cloud point of blended palm biodiesels with diesel. They can increase the research octane number and the motor octane number of gasoline.

PENGARUH LAJU ALIRAN BAHAN BAKAR CNG PADA PERFORMA MESIN KENDARAAN BERMOTOR

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Ridwan Arief Subekti
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Octane Number ◽  
Compressed Natural Gas ◽  
Research Octane Number

Makalah ini membahas tentang pengaruh laju aliran bahan bakar CNG (compressed natural gas) terhadap performa kendaraan roda empat jenis minibus. Pengaturan dan pengujian dilakukan untuk mencari setelan laju aliran CNG yang terbaik agar performa kendaraan optimal. Tahap pertama dari penelitian ini adalah pemasangan peralatan kit konverter tipe injeksi sequensial pada kendaraan. Selanjutnya dilakukan pengujian performa kendaraan menggunakan  dyno  test  atau  sasis  dyno.  Pada  awalnya,  bahan  bakar  yang  digunakan  adalah  Pertamax  RON (research  octane  number)  92  yang  kemudian  diganti  dengan  CNG.  Dari  pengujian  dua  bahan  bakar  tersebut diketahui bahwa terjadi penurunan daya dan torsi kendaraan bila menggunakan CNG. Tahap berikutnya adalah melakukan pengaturan laju aliran CNG dengan cara mengatur durasi penyemprotan injektor. Hasil uji yang ditampilkan dalam bentuk grafik putaran terhadap daya dan putaran terhadap torsi memperlihatkan bahwa performa kendaraan  berbahan  bakar  CNG  dengan  pengaturan  laju  aliran  gas  meningkat  sekitar  3%.  Sedangkan  bila penggunaan CNG dibandingkan dengan Pertamax RON 92, terjadi penurunan daya dan torsi pada kendaraan sebesar 12,4% dan 23,7%.Kata kunci : ratio laju udara, CNG, kit konverter, laju aliran gas, mesin bensin

An effective method based on multi-model fusion for research octane number prediction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ningchen Fu ◽  
Zicheng Lai ◽  
Yuping Zhang ◽  
Yan Ma
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Octane Number ◽  
Research Octane Number ◽  
Model Fusion ◽  
Gasoline Engines ◽  
Oil Processing

The octane number is one of the important indicators in crude oil processing, and it is related to the anti-knock performance of gasoline engines. The loss of octane number in...

The Effect of Adding Oxygenated Compounds to Gasoline on Automotive Exhaust Emissions

2002 ◽  
Vol 125 (1) ◽  
pp. 344-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. Poulopoulos ◽  
C. J. Philippopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Octane Number ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether ◽  
Butyl Ether ◽  
Tertiary Butyl ◽  
Research Octane Number ◽  
Oxygenated Compounds ◽  
Reid Vapor Pressure ◽  
Three Way Catalyst ◽  
Unregulated Emissions

In the present work, the effect of adding ethanol or methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) to gasoline on the regulated and unregulated emissions from an internal combustion engine with a typical three-way catalyst was studied. The addition of ethanol to fuel (10% w/w) increased both the research octane number and the Reid vapor pressure of the fuel, whereas adding 11% w/w MTBE caused an increase only in the research octane number of the fuel. When the fuel contained MTBE, less hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and acetaldehyde were emitted in the tailpipe. The increased emissions of acetaldehyde and ethanol were the main disadvantages of using ethanol.

scholarly journals An Overview of Recent Research in the Conversion of Glycerol into Biofuels, Fuel Additives and other Bio-Based Chemicals

Catalysts ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Usman Nda-Umar ◽  
Irmawati Ramli ◽  
Yun Taufiq-Yap ◽  
Ernee Muhamad
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Glycerol Carbonate ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Fuel Additives ◽  
Glycerol Ethers ◽  
Polymer Precursors ◽  
Oxygenated Fuel ◽  
Research Findings

The depletion of fossil fuels has heightened research and utilization of renewable energy such as biodiesel. However, this has thrown up another challenge of significant increase in its byproduct, glycerol. In view of the characteristics and potentials of glycerol, efforts are on the increase to convert it to higher-value products, which will in turn improve the overall economics of biodiesel production. These high-value products include biofuels, oxygenated fuel additives, polymer precursors and other industrial bio-based chemicals. This review gives up-to-date research findings in the conversion of glycerol to the above high-value products, with a special focus on the performance of the catalysts used and their challenges. The specific products reviewed in this paper include hydrogen, ethanol, methanol, acetin, glycerol ethers, solketal, acetal, acrolein, glycerol carbonate, 1,3-propanediol, polyglycerol and olefins.

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