EFEKTIFITAS MUTU BAHAN BAKAR DARI PREMIUM KE PERTALITE DENGAN PENAMBAHAN OCTANE BOOSTER UNTUK MEMINIMALISASI EMISI GAS BUANG DI PT. PERTAMINA RU III.

Pertumbuhan Industri yang saat ini semakin berkembang pesat mengikuti kebutuhan dan permintaan konsumen. Salah satunya adalah kendaraan bermesin yang teknologinya dibuat semakin canggih, berkualitas tinggi dan hemat bahan bakar. Research Octane Number (RON) atau angka oktan riset merupakan angka oktan sebuah bahan bakar untuk mesin menggunakan busi, yang diperoleh dari perbandingan intensitas ketukan dengan campuran bahan bakar acuan ketika keduanya diuji dalam mesin Cooperative Fuel Research (CFR). Nilai RON diambil dengan membandingkan campuran antara iso-Oktana dan n-Heptana. Misalnya, sebuah bahan bakar dengan RON 88 berarti 88% kandungan bahan bakar itu adalah iso-Oktana dan 12%-nya n-Heptana. Pada penelitian ini, proses blending dilakukan dengan cara mencampurkan Premium dengan Octane Booster di Laboratorium R&D di PT. Pertamina RU III Plaju dengan Formulasi Blending Premium RON 88 (995 ml, 990 ml, 985 ml, dan 980 ml) dan Octane Booster (5 ml, 10 ml, 15 ml, dan 20 ml) sehingga menghasilkan Pertalite RON 90 yang berdasarkan pada syarat mutu bahan bakar minyak sesuai Standar Industri Indonesia No. 0258-79. Parameter analisa hasil penelitian adalah Angka Oktan Riset (ASTM D-2699), Specific Grafity (ASTM D-1298), Distilasi (ASTM D-86), dan Reid Vapour Pressure (ASTM D-323) dengan Interprestasi terhadap dosis dan pengaruh terhadap emisi gas buang yang baik.

Separation of branched alkane feeds by a synergistic action of zeolite and metal-organic framework

Zeolites and Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs) have frequently been considered as “competitors” for the development of new advanced separation processes. The production of high quality gasoline is currently achieved through the energy demanding conventional Total Isomerization Process (TIP) that separates pentane and hexane isomers while not reaching yet the ultimate goal of a Research Octane Number (RON) higher than 92. Herein we demonstrate how an unprecedented synergistic action of two complementary benchmark materials of each family of porous solids, a commercially available zeolite, 5A and the bio-derived Al-dicarboxylate MOF MIL-160(Al), leads to a novel adsorptive process for octane upgrading of gasoline through an efficient separation of pentane and hexane isomer mixtures into fractions of low and high research octane number (RON). This innovative mixed bed adsorbent strategy encompasses a thermodynamically-driven separation of hexane isomers according to the degree of branching by MIL-160(Al) coupled to a steric rejection of pentane and hexane linear isomers by the molecular sieve zeolite 5A. The adsorptive separation ability of this MOF/zeolite duo was further evaluated under industrial operating conditions by sorption breakthrough and continuous cyclic experiments with a mixed bed of shaped adsorbents. Remarkably, at the industrially relevant temperature of 423 K, an ideal sorption hierarchy of low RON over high RON alkanes is achieved, i.e., n-hexane >> n-pentane >> 2-methylpentane > 3-methylpentane >>> 2,3-dimethylbutane > isopentane ≈ 2,2-dimethylbutane, and an exceptional ideal productivity of 1.14 mol.dm-3 is attained for a final high RON isomers product of 92, which corresponds to a substantial leap-forward when compared with existing processes.

A Deep Learning Framework in FCC Process Control

The controlling of exhaust gas from gasoline is crucial for atmospheric environment protection. Research Octane Number (RON) loss and restricted sulphur (S) content matter the quality of gasoline. To obtain gasoline with high quality, the paper proposes a novel data-driven optimization model integrating deep neural network (DNN) and genetic algorithm (GA) to model for Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) process then optimize. To begin with, the DNN is used to fit the relations between 13 related input variables and output variables in FCC. Subsequently, the FCC process is modelled and GA is proposed to solve the optimization model. Ultimately, 305 samples from real datasets have been analysed to testify feasibility and effectiveness of the method. This paper provides a guideline for the production process of FCC gasoline.

Pyrolysis of Waste Polyolefin’s and E-component to Produce Renewable Green Fuel (RGF) Over CdCO3

The interest and relevance of the present paper is in the current waste plastics valorization scenario. The rapid depletion of fossil sources carbon as crude oil and their ever-increasing costs has led to an intensive search for alternative fuels. The renewable green fuel (RGF) or alternative fuel was obtained from waste low and high-density polyethylene (LD-PE, HD-PE) or polyolefin’s and computer-body through pyrolysis process using a CdCO3 from 23 °C to 400 °C. Five types of hydrocarbons were observed through 2D GCxGC/TOFMS, such as 7.621 % paraffin’s, 53.66 % branched / cyclic hydrocarbons, 14.83 % aromatics, 0.37 % phenanthrenes, and some unclassified compounds were 27.11 %. The research octane number of RGF was 88.29. The bromine number of RGF is 34.03 %. RGF was suitable for diesel engines and diesel furnaces without any upgrading. During the first, second and third pyrolysis experiments, 98 g, 95 g and 100 g (wt %) waste granules with 2 g, 5 g and 0 g (wt %) CdCO3 into RGFs were 85 %, 89 % and 80 % collected; uncondensed gases were 14.22 %, 10.15 % and 19.52 % collected; the residue were 0.78 %, 0.85 % and 0.48 % collected.

PEMBUATAN BIOETANOL DARI TEBU

Biaya yang digunakan untuk membeli bahan bakar minyak bumi semakin meningkat, hal ini belum termasuk dengan biaya lain yang dikeluarkan. Meningkatnya biaya penggunaan bahan bakar fosil dan persediaannya yang semakin terbatas menyebabkan banyak penelitian sains, teknik, dan teknologi untuk mencari sumber bahan bakar alternatif lainnya. Salah satu alternatif yang telah ditemukan adalah penggunaan bioetanol sebagai bahan bakar alternatif. Bioetanol merupakan bahan bakar yang ramah lingkungan karena terbuat dari bahan bakar nabati serta memiliki angka oktan yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan bahan bakar fosil seperti premium. Salah satu tanaman yang dapat digunakan untuk menghasilkan bioetanol dari proses fermentasi dan destilasi adalah tanaman tebu. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mendapatkan pengganti bahan bakar yang berasal dari bahan bakar alternatif yang dapat membantu mengurangi krisis dari bahan bakar minyak bumi, mengetahui proses pengolahan tebu menjadi bioetanol, dan mengetahui besarnya nilai oktan atau RON (Research Octane Number) pada bioetanol. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan empat kali percobaan dengan menguji komposisi masing-masing komponen pengujian dan nilai oktan yang didapatkan tiap masing-masing pengujian adalah 114, 115, 116, dan 117.