scholarly journals Metamorphopsia Score and Central Visual Field Outcomes in Diabetic Cystoid Macular Edema

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Kalinowska ◽  
Katarzyna Nowomiejska ◽  
Agnieszka Brzozowska ◽  
Ryszard Maciejewski ◽  
Robert Rejdak
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Macular Edema ◽  
Visual Function ◽  
Cystoid Macular Edema ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Central Visual Field ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Function Loss ◽  
Loss Variance

Aim. To detect abnormality of the visual function in naïve patients with cystoid diabetic macular edema (DME) using M-charts, Amsler test, and white on white (W/W) and blue on yellow (B/Y) perimetry. Methods. There were 64 eyes included in the study: 30 eyes with DME, 22 eyes with diabetes without DME, and 12 eyes of normal subjects. Conventional W/W perimetry and B/Y perimetry were performed within the central 10° of the visual field. To assess metamorphopsia, Amsler test and M-charts were used. Results. The rate of detection of metamorphopsia was 37% with Amsler test examination and 50% with M-charts. Specificity of both tests was 100%. We found a significant difference between vertical scores of M-charts in all groups, but not in horizontal scores (p<0.0001). Mean defect (MD) was 8.9 dB and 3.6 dB and loss variance (LV) 4.8 dB and 3.3 dB (p<0.0001). Conclusions. M-chart is more sensitive than Amsler test method for detection of metamorphopsia. The MD and LV are higher in b/y in comparison to W/W perimetry. B/Y perimetry and M-charts are more sensitive than conventional methods for detecting the visual function loss in cystoid DME.

Visual Field Damage and Progression in Glaucomatous Myopic Eyes

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 534-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Perdicchi ◽  
M. Iester ◽  
G. Scuderi ◽  
S. Amodeo ◽  
E.M. Medori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Light Sensitivity ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Central Visual Field ◽  
Trend Function ◽  
Visual Field Damage ◽  
Loss Variance

Purpose To make a visual field retrospective analysis on a group of patients with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and to evaluate whether different refractive errors could have different progression of the 30° central sensitivity. Methods A total of 110 patients with POAG (52 men and 58 women) were included in the study. All the patients were divided into four subgroups based on the refractive error. The visual field of all the included patients was assessed by an Octopus 30° central visual field every 6 months, for a total of 837 visual fields examined. The resulting data were analyzed by PERIDATA for Windows 1.7 TREND function. Mean defect (MD) and loss variance (LV) were considered for the analysis. Results At the first examination, 82% of eyes showed a global decrease of differential light sensitivity (MD >2 dB) and in 67% the distribution of the defect was nonhomogeneous (LV >6 dB). The analysis of variance for subgroups showed a more significant decrease of MD in highly myopic patients. A linear regression analysis highlighted a statistically significant change in time of MD in 36% and of LV in 34% of the eyes studied. Highly myopic patients had the highest (p<0.01) percentage of change of MD and LV (46% and 42%, respectively). Among the four subgroups, there was no difference in progression of MD decrease in time. Conclusions These results showed that after 5 years of glaucoma, the visual field was altered in most of the eyes examined (82%) and that in 67% of cases, its defect was nonhomogeneous and worsened with the increase of myopia. The regression linear analysis of visual field changes in time showed a progressive increase of MD and LV in approximately one third of all the eyes examined.

scholarly journals An Alternative Psychophysical Diagnostic Indicator of the Aging Eye

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
John D. Rodriguez ◽  
Garrick Wallstrom ◽  
Divya Narayanan ◽  
Donna Welch ◽  
Mark B. Abelson
Keyword(s):  
Visual Function ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Baseline Sensitivity ◽  
Macular Function ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Significant Difference

Purpose. Impaired adaptation to changes in lighting levels as well as mesopic visual function is a common complaint in those over the age of 65. The use of photostress is a well-established method to test the adaption rate and the response of the visual cycle. In this study, we test visual function recovery to mesopic luminance stimuli following a long duration photostress in young and elderly subjects. If successful in strongly differentiating aging macular function, these methods may also be useful in the study of pathologies such as age-related macular degeneration. Methods. A group of 12 older normal subjects (mean age 75.1 ± 4.79) and a control group of 5 younger normal subjects (mean age 26.2 ± 4.19) were subjected to macular photostress using the OraLux photostress system. The OraLux system provides a diffuse light source bleaching 84% of cone photopigment while maintaining an exposure safety factor of 200 times less than the maximum safe exposure. After each photostressing session, macular recovery was tracked using a foveal, variable contrast, flickering stimulus of mean luminance in the high mesopic range. Recovery was tracked for 300 seconds. The endpoint was time to recovery to each individual’s baseline sensitivity as determined by two static sensitivity trials prior to photostress. Results. Proportional hazards analysis of recovery time yielded a statistically significant difference between the older group and the young group (HR = 0.181; p=0.0289). The estimated hazard ratio of 0.181 indicates that older subjects return to baseline at less than one-fifth the rate of younger subjects. The hazards ratio remained statistically significant after adjusting for visual acuity (HR = 0.093; p=0.0424). Conclusion. Photostress recovery of flicker sensitivity under mesopic conditions is a strong differentiator of aging macular function. This agrees with subject-reported complaints in reduced luminance conditions after exposure to bright lights such as night driving. The qualitative similarity between the aging retina and changes in early AMD suggests that flicker recovery following photostress may be useful as a surrogate endpoint in AMD clinical trials.

Topographic Spatial Summation in Glaucoma

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 538-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gonzalez De La Rosa ◽  
M. Gonzalez-Hernandez ◽  
V. Lozano Lopez ◽  
D. Perera Sanz
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Normal Population ◽  
Spatial Summation ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Stimulus Luminance ◽  
Central Visual Field ◽  
Visual Field Examination ◽  
K Value ◽  
Local Defects

Purpose Stimulus luminance (L) and area (A) are related by the equation LxAk=constant. The authors evaluated the k value at 66 positions of the central visual field in patients with glaucoma, to modify L and A simultaneously in order to examine advanced glaucomas with a bigger dynamic range. Methods The luminance limitation of a computer screen with automatic photometric control was compensated for by increasing the stimulus area in the range between 0 and 17 dB, using the k topographic values previously calculated on normal subjects. Four initial series of 21, 12, 10, and 10 glaucomas were sequentially examined with the Octopus 311 in which the stimulus size cannot be freely changed during the examination, and with the experimental method (Pulsar-SAP) modifying stimulus sizes to equal the results. k Final estimation was verified in 60 new cases. Results k Values increase progressively with defect deepness. Values higher than those of the normal population with equivalent topographic differences were obtained. Correlation between indices was as follows: MD: r=0.94 (p<0.0001); square root of the loss of variance (sLV): r=0.93 (p<0.0001). Frequency of local defects was similar in both procedures. Average topographic differences between thresholds were usually less than 1 dB. The average threshold difference favored Pulsar-SAP by 0.45 dB at those points where the average threshold of both examinations was less than 18 dB and 0.37 dB where such average was higher than or equal to 18 dB. Conclusions k Value is higher in patients with glaucoma than in normal subjects, although the topographic features are similar. It is feasible to design a scale combining stimulus luminance and sizes to use screens with relative low brightness as surfaces for visual field examination.

Circular vection in patients with age-related macular degeneration

1999 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 287-291
Author(s):  
Hiroaki Fushiki ◽  
Satoru Takata ◽  
Yasunori Nagaki ◽  
Yukio Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Central Visual Field ◽  
Matched Control Group ◽  
Circular Vection ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Significant Difference

We have used optokinetic stimulation in patients with unilateral age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and central scotoma to investigate the possible contribution of the central visual field to circular vection (CV). Six patients aged 42–73 years with unilateral AMD and an aged-matched control group of nine elderly adults aged 47–75 years were examined. Monocular visual field defects were verified with the Goldmann perimeter by kinetic perimetry. The device used to induce CV was a random dot pattern projected onto a hemispherical dome with a radius of 75 cm. The pattern was rotated horizontally at a constant acceleration of 1 deg/s 2 . Monocular stimuli were randomly repeated two to three times in both temporal-nasal (T-N) and nasal-temporal (N-T) directions. The latency of onset of CV was measured for each stimulus presentation. In the age-matched control group the CV latencies varied from 4.2 to 72.0 s. In each case, however, the CV latencies were stable. No significant differences in CV latencies were found between right and left eyes in both stimulus directions ( p > 0.05). In patients with AMD, no statistically significant difference in CV latency was found between the affected and unaffected eyes ( p > 0.05). Marked central visual field loss in AMD does not significantly impair peripherally induced CV. Our results are compatible with the hypothesis that the peripheral retina dominates CV.

scholarly journals Usage of Digital D Chart Test as a Modification of Amsler Grid in Ophthalmology and Optometry

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 160-164
Author(s):  
Magdaléna Bočková ◽  
Petr Veselý ◽  
Pavel Beneš
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Quantitative Evaluation ◽  
Central Visual Field ◽  
Grid Deformation ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Simple Detection ◽  
Important Symptom ◽  
Amsler Grid

Aims: Metamorphopsia is important symptom of macular disease. The most common simple detection method of metamorphopsia is Amsler grid. Usually it is used monocularly with best correction for near. Patient should evaluate grid deformation and describe position of the deformity. This method is based on qualitative principle. For quantitative evaluation we can use Software D Chart (Thomson Software Solution). This instrument enables evaluate degree and position of the metamorphopsia in central visual field. Our goal was to establish M-score values in group of young healthy subjects without correction (M-score natural), with cylindrical spectacle lens (M-score SL) and in group of patients with age related degeneration (M-score ARMD). Objects and Methods: We had 33 probands divided into 2 samples. The first sample contains 15 young probands with average age 23 years without any eye pathology. The second sample contains 18 patients with ARMD (7 with dry form and 11 with wet form). In our study we used software D Chart (Thomson Software Solution). This software was use in Acer PC with touchable screen. We note total M-score in right eye of all probands. Level for statistic evaluation was set on p = 0.05. Results: Natural M-score values for young probands was: median 0, minimum 0, maximum 2.3. With cylindrical lens we got these values: median 25.2, minimum 3.6, maximum 41.6. In second sample with probands suffer from ARMD we got these values: median 0.8, minimum 0, maximum 29.4. Wilcoxon non-parametric test was used for statistical evaluation. We proved statistically significant difference between all variables. M-score natural vs. M-score SL showed p < 0.001, M-score natural vs. M-score ARMD showed p = 0.04 and M-score SL vs. M-score ARMD showed p < 0.001. Conclusion: Our study showed statistically significant differences between variable M-score natural, M-score SL and M-score ARMD. We found that printed Amsler grid as well as its digital modification D Chart are suitable for determining metamorphopsia in central visual field. The main advantage of D Chart is quantitative evaluation of the test with M-score and digital registration of retinal changes during patient´s follow up.

Auditory Selective Attention in Cerebral-Palsied Individuals

1985 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 260-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Ann Laraway
Keyword(s):  
Selective Attention ◽  
White Noise ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Auditory Selective Attention ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Significant Difference

The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is a statistically significant difference between the auditory selective attention abilities of normal and cerebral-palsied individuals. Twenty-three cerebral-palsied and 23 normal subjects between the ages of 5 and 21 were asked to repeat a series of 30 items consisting of from 2 to 4 digits in the presence of intermittent white noise. Results of the study indicate that cerebral-palsied individuals perform significantly poorer than normal individuals when the stimulus is accompanied by noise. Noise was not a significant factor in the performance of the normal subjects regardless of age.

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