scholarly journals Familiarity or Conceptual Priming: Event-related Potentials in Name Recognition

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 447-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georg Stenberg ◽  
Johan Hellman ◽  
Mikael Johansson ◽  
Ingmar Rosén
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Dual Process ◽  
Behavioral Experiment ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Conceptual Priming ◽  
Detection Model ◽  
Recent Interest ◽  
Related Potentials

Recent interest has been drawn to the separate components of recognition memory, as studied by event-related potentials (ERPs). In ERPs, recollection is usually accompanied by a late, parietal positive deflection. An earlier, frontal component has been suggested to be a counterpart, accompanying recognition by familiarity. However, this component, the FN400, has alternatively been suggested to reflect a form of implicit memory, conceptual priming. The present study examined the ERP components of recognition memory using an episodic memory task with a stimulus material consisting of names, half of which were famous. Along a different dimension, the names varied in how rare or common they were. These dimensions, frequency and fame, exerted powerful effects on memory accuracy, and dissociated the two recognition processes, such that frequency gave rise to familiarity and fame fostered recollection, when the receiver operating characteristics data were analyzed with Yonelinas' dual-process signal detection model. The ERPs corresponded fully to the behavioral data because frequency affected the frontal component exclusively, and fame affected the parietal component exclusively. Moreover, a separate behavioral experiment showed that conceptual priming was sensitive to fame, but not to frequency. Our data therefore indicate that the FN400 varies jointly with familiarity, but independently of conceptual priming.

scholarly journals The Influence of Criterion Shifts on Electrophysiological Correlates of Recognition Memory

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 1075-1086 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Azimian-Faridani ◽  
E. L. Wilding
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Correct Response ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Dual Process ◽  
Task Instructions ◽  
Conservative Condition ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Criterion Shifts

The claim that event-related potentials (ERPs) index familiarity was assessed by acquiring ERPs during a recognition memory task in which participants were instructed to adopt different decision criteria in separate retrieval phases. In one, the instructions were to respond “old” only when confident that this was the correct response, and to respond “new” otherwise (the conservative condition). In the other, the instructions were to respond new only when confident that this was the correct response (the liberal condition). The rationale for this approach was that the level of familiarity licensing an old response would be higher in the conservative than in the liberal condition, and if ERPs index familiarity, this would be reflected in changes to the putative ERP index. This index comprises relatively more positive-going neural activity for correct judgments to old than to new items, which is evident from 300 to 500 msec poststimulus at mid-frontal scalp locations. In keeping with task instructions, participants made more old responses in the liberal than in the conservative condition. There were reliable mid-frontal ERP old/new effects in both conditions, and the ERPs evoked by correct judgments to words in the conservative condition were relatively more positive-going than those in the liberal condition. This finding is consistent with the view that the mid-frontal ERP old/new effect indexes familiarity, and in combination with other ERP findings, provides strong support for dual-process accounts of recognition memory.

scholarly journals Similar time course of fast familiarity and slow recollection processes for recognition memory in humans and macaques

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhemeng Wu ◽  
Martina Kavanova ◽  
Lydia Hickman ◽  
Fiona Lin ◽  
Mark J. Buckley
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Dual Process ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Similar Time ◽  
Familiarity And Recollection

AbstractAccording to dual-process theory, recognition memory performance draws upon two processes, familiarity and recollection. The relative contribution to recognition memory are commonly distinguished in humans by analyzing receiver-operating-characteristics (ROC) curves; analogous methods are more complex and very rare in animals but fast familiarity and slow recollective-like processes (FF/SR) have been detected in non-human primates (NHPs) based on analyzing recognition error response time profiles. The relative utility of these methods to investigate familiarity and recollection/recollection-like processes across species is uncertain; indeed, even how comparable the FF/SR measures are across humans and NHPs remains unclear. Therefore in this study a broadly similar recognition memory task was exploited in both humans and NHPs to investigate the time course of the two recognition processes. We first show that the FF/SR dissociation exists in this task in human participants and then we demonstrate a similar profile in NHPs which suggests that FF/SR processes are comparable across species. We then verified, using ROC-derived indices for each time-bin in the FF/SR profile, that the ROC and FF/DR measures are related. Hence we argue that the FF/SR approach, procedurally easier in animals, can be used as a decent proxy to investigate these two recognition processes in future animal studies, important given that scant data exists as to the neural basis underlying recollection yet many of the most informative techniques primarily exist in animal models.

scholarly journals Contribution of Familiarity and Recollection to Associative Recognition Memory: Insights from Event-related Potentials

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 1595-1605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bertram Opitz ◽  
Sonia Cornell
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Associative Recognition ◽  
Dual Process ◽  
Memory Experiment ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Familiarity And Recollection ◽  
Recognition Judgments ◽  
Process Perspective ◽  
Size Relation

Within the dual-process perspective of recognition memory, it has been claimed that familiarity is sufficient to support recognition of single items, but recollection is necessary for associative recognition of item pairs. However, there are some reports suggesting that familiarity might support associative recognition judgments when the items form an easy to access bound representation. In contrast, recollection seems to be required for the recognition of bindings that might be flexibly rearranged in novel situations. We investigated whether both forms of binding are mediated by different mechanisms as reflected by a qualitatively different spatiotemporal eventrelated potential (ERP) pattern. In a recognition memory experiment, subjects gave old/new judgments to words learned by focusing either on interitem associations or on size relation of word triplets. Results revealed higher hit rates in the relational condition as compared to the associative condition. In addition, the proportion of triplets from which all three items were remembered was significantly larger in the relational condition suggesting that memory retrieval in this condition relies primarily on bound representations of word triplets. The ERP revealed a late parietal old/new effect for both conditions, with relational processing resulting in a greater effect. In contrast, an early frontal old/new effect was solely present in the associative condition. Taken together, these data provide evidence that familiarity might support associative recognition if the associated components are coherently encoded into a bound representation. Recollection might foster the recognition of relational bindings among items. This indicates that the contribution of familiarity and recollection to associative recognition depends on the kind of binding operations performed on the items rather than on the single versus multiple item distinction.

scholarly journals Event-related Potentials Associated with Masked Priming of Test Cues Reveal Multiple Potential Contributions to Recognition Memory

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1114-1129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna M. Woollams ◽  
Jason R. Taylor ◽  
Frini Karayanidis ◽  
Richard N. Henson
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Masked Priming ◽  
Repetition Effect ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Dual Process ◽  
Related Potentials

The relationship between recognition memory and repetition priming remains unclear. Priming is believed to reflect increased processing fluency for previously studied items relative to new items. Manipulations that affect fluency can also affect the likelihood that participants will judge items as studied in recognition tasks. This attribution of fluency to memory has been related to the familiarity process, as distinct from the recollection process, that is assumed by dual-process models of recognition memory. To investigate the time courses and neural sources of fluency, familiarity, and recollection, we conducted an event-related potential (ERP) study of recognition memory using masked priming of test cues and a remember/know paradigm. During the recognition test, studied and unstudied words were preceded by a brief, masked word that was either the same or different. Participants decided quickly whether each item had been studied (“old” or “new”), and for items called old, indicated whether they “remembered” (R) the encoding event, or simply “knew” (K) the item had been studied. Masked priming increased the proportion of K, but not R, judgments. Priming also decreased response times for hits but not correct rejections (CRs). Four distinct ERP effects were found. A medial-frontal FN400 (300–500 msec) was associated with familiarity (R, K Hits > CRs) and a centro-parietal late positivity (500–800 msec) with recollection (R Hits > K Hits, CRs). A long-term repetition effect was found for studied items judged “new” (Misses > CRs) in the same time window as the FN400, but with a posterior distribution. Finally, a centrally distributed masked priming effect was visible between 150 and 250 msec and continued into the 300–500 msec time window, where it was topographically dissociable from the FN400. These results suggest that multiple neural signals are associated with repetition and potentially contribute to recognition memory.

Brain event-related potentials (ERPs) in schizophrenia during a word recognition memory task

1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jürgen Kayser ◽  
Gerard E Bruder ◽  
David Friedman ◽  
Craig E Tenke ◽  
Xavier F Amador ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Recognition Memory Task ◽  
Related Potentials

The Effects of Scopolamine on Event-Related Potentials in a Continuous Recognition Memory Task

1992 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas D. Potter ◽  
Charles D. Pickles ◽  
Richard C. Roberts ◽  
Michael D. Rugg
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Recognition Memory Task ◽  
Related Potentials
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